自然灾害综合风险防范信息服务技术体系构建及展望

构建自然灾害综合风险防范信息服务业务技术体系是支撑新时代防灾减灾救灾工作的必然要求。文章聚焦全链条、多主体、多灾种综合风险防范信息服务需求，建立了自然灾害综合风险防范信息服务的技术体系框架，构建了涵盖常态减灾和灾前预防、灾中救援、灾后恢复重建等非常态救灾全过程的综合风险防范信息服务产品体系，建立了信息产品开发、行业数据协同、网络大数据挖掘、信息服务平台集成等方面的关键技术。其中，信息产品体系构建从灾害管理过程、主要业务类型和工作任务方面进行三级分类。信息产品开发方面研发了基于致灾、灾情、救灾3类标准灾害信息要素的灾害信息产品制作、表达和动态定制技术；行业数据协同方面研发了双向自适应的部门微服务数据共享新机制及多部门多源异构数据接入、融合处理技术；网络大数据挖掘领域研发了基于网页、移动通信、社交网络、物联网等网络大数据的致灾、灾情、救灾要素信息挖掘与融合分析技术；信息服务集成平台搭建领域研发了基于云服务架构的时空分布式大数据管理、业务工具模型集成、“云+端”多渠道信息服务技术。该技术体系解决灾害信息服务时效性不高、完备性不足等问题，为开辟与政府部门统计并行的灾害信息数据获取新途径提供了技...

Construction and Prospect of Information Service Technology System for Comprehensive Risk Prevention of Natural Disasters

To build a operational technological system of information service for comprehensive risk prevention of natural disasters is an inevitable requirement to support disaster prevention, mitigation and relief in the new era. Aiming to the demand for comprehensive risk prevention information service of the whole chain, multi-agent and multi disaster, this paper establishes the technical system framework of comprehensive risk prevention information service of natural disasters. We construct the comprehensive risk prevention information service product system covering the whole process of normal disaster reduction and abnormal disaster relief (such as, pre disaster prevention, in disaster rescue, post disaster recovery and reconstruction) and breaks through four key technologies, including the information product development, industry data collaboration, network big data mining Information and service platform integration. In terms of information product development, we have developed disaster information product production, expression and dynamic customization technology based on three standard disaster information elements: disaster causing, disaster situation and disaster relief. In the aspect of industry data collaboration, we have developed a new mechanism of two-way adaptive departmental micro service data sharing and multi-department and multi-source heterogeneous data access and fusion processing technology. In the field of network big data mining, we have developed information mining and fusion analysis technology of disaster causing, disaster situation and disaster relief elements based on Web pages, mobile communications, social networks, Internet of things and other network big data. For building information service integration platform, we have developed spatiotemporal distributed big data management, business tool model integration and "cloud + end" multi-channel information service technology based on cloud service architecture. The technical system solves the problems of low timeliness and insufficient completeness of disaster information services, and provides technical support for opening up a second way to obtain disaster information data distinguished from government statistics.