Effects of Bubbles and Sea Spray on Air–Sea Exchange in Hurricane Conditions |
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Authors: | Alexander Soloviev Roger Lukas |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Archaeology, University of York, King’s Manor, York, YO1 7EP, UK;(2) Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK |
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Abstract: | The lower limit on the drag coefficient under hurricane force winds is determined by the break-up of the air–sea interface
due to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and formation of the two-phase transition layer consisting of sea spray and air bubbles.
As a consequence, a regime of marginal stability develops. In this regime, the air–sea drag coefficient is determined by the
turbulence characteristics of the two-phase transition layer. The upper limit on the drag coefficient is determined by the
Charnock-type wave resistance. Most of the observational estimates of the drag coefficient obtained in hurricane conditions
and in laboratory experiments appear to lie between the two extreme regimes: wave resistance and marginal stability. |
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