沉积有机质的成烃热模拟实验研究

作者采用小玻管热模拟方法研究了煤及碳质泥岩中藻类体、基质镜质体、沥青质体、运移沥青、角质体、树脂体、孢子体、现代栓皮栎的木栓层,水生植物蓝藻(粘球藻)和水生动物虾蛄的成烃规律。并根据有机组分的荧光特性和显微傅利叶红外光谱特征初步建立了我国煤系源岩生油组分及现代海生生物蓝藻和虾蛄的生油模式。研究结果表明:结构藻类体生油晚,结束晚;不同类型的基质镜质体和沥青质体的成烃过程存在差异,且基质镜质体可早期生油;现代木栓组织的成烃模拟支持了木栓质体早期生油的观点;角质体、基质镜质体B的成烃具多阶段性的特点;现代粘球藻具生油晚,结束晚,且成烃范围宽;水生动物虾蛄具成烃早,结束早,且成烃范围窄的特点。

HYDROCARBON-GENERATING THERMAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER

The hydrocarbon-generating regularities of alginite, desmocollinite bituminite, cutinite, resinite and sporinite in coal and carbonaceous mudstone, suberinlamellae of modern subereous Quercus, blue-green algae (Gloeocapsa) of aquatic plants and mantis shrimps of aquatiic animals have been studied by use of the small-glass-tube thermal simulation technique. And the petroleum-generating models of orgnaic components in coal measures source rocks and modern marine organisms Gloeocapsa and mantis shrimps have also been constructed according to their micro-FTIR spectral characteristics and fluorescence properties. From the study results the following conclusion may be drawn: telalginite generates petroleum late and terminate late; hydro- carbon-generating processes of different types of desmocollinite and bituminite are different and desmocollinite can generate petroleum in the early stage; the hydrocarbon-generating simulation of modern subereous tissues supports the view of early hydrocarbon generation of suberinite; cuti-nite and desmocollinite B are characterized by multi-stage hydrocarbon generation; modern Gloeo-capsa is characterized by late hydrocarbon generation, late termination and a long duration of hydrocarbon generation while the aquatic animal mantis shrimps are characterized by early hydrocarbon generation, early termination and a short duration of hydrocarbon generation. The construction of these models has important economic and theoretical significance for correctly evaluating the hydrocarbon-generating potential of coal measures source rocks and pure marine source rocks in China.