厄尔尼诺与亚洲季风对港澳地区降雨影响

分析研究了香港1853～1997年（145年）、澳门1901～1997年（97年）的月和年降雨量的一些特征。主要结论是：（1）香港、澳门年降雨量存在准2～6年的周期振荡，澳门年降雨量有很强的长期趋势，香港年降雨量无明显趋势；（2）香港、澳门年内雨量的峰值出现在西南季风期（6月和8月），而谷值在东北季风期（12月）；（3）EI Nino事件年，香港、澳门年降雨量距平百分率多为正，降雨偏多。在La Nila事件年，香港、澳门年降雨量距平百分率多为负，降雨偏少。

THE IMPACTS OF EL NINO AND ASIAN MONSOONS ON RAINFALL OF HONG KONG AND MACAO

Hong Kong and Macao are situated by the east and west sides of the Pearl River estuary, respectively, which are the access of northeast monsoon during winter and southwest monsoon during summer. The precipitation is greatly affected by both kinds of monsoon. The impacts of El Nino and Asian monsoons on the rainfall of Hong Kong and Macao are studied by using departure percentage and MEM methods. Some characteristics of monthly mean or yearly mean precipitation of 145 years (Hong Kong) and 97 years (Macao) are: (1) There exists quasi-periodic of 2-6 years oscillation in yearly mean precipitation of Hong Kong and Macao. The secular trend of yearly mean precipitation in Macao,but not in Hong Kong, is obvious. (2) Peak values of yearly mean precipitation of Hong Kong and Macao appear in Southwest Monsoon period (June and August),while valley values in Northeast Monsoon period (December). (3) During El Nino years, their percentage of departure is mostly positive,and during La Nila years,mostly negative.