黄河源区域生态环境演变与对策建议

黄河源区是三江源自然保护区的重要组成部分，在全球气候变暖和日趋频繁的人类活动的共同影响下，黄河源区的生态结构受到严重干扰。通过对黄河源区域生态与自然环境演变特征研究进展的概括总结，从生态系统和物理环境2个方面归纳了黄河源区主要的生态环境问题：（1）植被、冻土和湿地生态系统不断退化；（2）气候暖干化、径流变化、土壤侵蚀、土壤沙漠化、土壤碳流失、鼠害和人为影响加剧。根据面临的生态环境问题提出了区域生态与自然环境保护的相应对策和建议：形成完善的生态补偿机制；加强生态环境保护立法；建立统一的监督管理机构；建立有效的执法队伍；划分功能区；发展生态旅游；强化全社会的环保意识。

Eco -environment Changes and Countermeasures in the Yellow River Source Region

Yellow River Source region is an important component of the three - river source nature reserve, the ecological environment has been disturbed severely in the Yellow River source under the background of global warming and human activity. By reviewing the research advancements about the regional ecological and natural environment evolution characteristics, the main ecological environment problems in Yellow River source were summarized from two aspects, including the degeneration of vegetation, permafrost and wetland ecosystem, the increasing effect of climate warming and drying, runoff changing, soil erosion, soil desertification, soil organic carbon losing, rodent damage and human impact. And the corresponding countermeasures were put forward： Setting up perfect ecological com- pensation system, strengthening the legislation of ecological environment conservation, establishing unified supervision and management organization, establishing the high quality law enforcement staff, dividing the function district rationally, developing ecological tourism, reinforcing the consciousness of environment protection.