新疆大气水汽通量及其净收支的计算和分析

 通过对NCEP 2.5°×2.5°再分析资料与NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和探空资料的比较，讨论了该资料在新疆的适用性，并在此基础上计算和分析了新疆1948—2007年60 a的大气水汽通量及其净收支情况。结果表明，新疆大气水汽输送主要受三支水汽输送带影响：西伯利亚和蒙古方向的西北风水汽输送带、孟加拉湾路径到达新疆南部的西南风水汽输送带和来自大西洋的西风水汽输送带；夏季新疆主要受两股水汽通量影响，即西风和西北风，冬季新疆则主要受西风水汽输送带的影响，仅南疆盆地受来自青藏高原中西部的西南暖湿气流的影响；新疆地区空中水汽1978年以前主要来源于经向输送，而1978年以后纬向输送增加，其水汽净收支由经向和纬向水汽共同提供，但经向水汽的贡献仍最大。

Calculation and Analysis of Water Vapor Transportation and its Net Income in Xinjiang

Based on the comparison between NCEP 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and sounding data, the appropriation of the NCEP 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data in Xinjiang is discussed. By using the NCEP 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data, the water vapor transportation and its net income in Xinjiang from 1948 to 2007 are calculated. The results show as follows. (1) The water vapor transportation in spring and autumn is mainly affected by three water conveyor belt, namely, the northwest direction moisture conveyor belt from Siberia and Mongolia, the southwest water vapor conveyor belt from Bay of Bengal and the western water vapor conveyor belt from the Atlantic. In summer, the water vapor in Xinjiang is mainly from the western water vapor conveyor belt and the northwest direction moisture conveyor belt; In winter, the water vapor in Xinjiang is mainly from the western water vapor conveyor belt and only the southern-Xinjiang basin is affected partly by the southwest water vapor conveyor belt from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (2) The water vapor was supplied mainly by longitudinal water vapor transportation before 1978; after 1978 the water vapor from latitudinal water vapor transportation increased, nevertheless, longitudinal water vapor transportation made most of the contribution to the net income of water vapor.