长江三角洲长江以北地区全新世以来人地关系的环境考古研究

通过长江三角洲长江以北地区高邮龙虬庄和海安青墩两个新石器时代考古遗址剖面粒度、磁化率、孢粉以及年代学测定，较为全面地分析了该区全新世以来生态环境变化与人类文明兴衰的相互关系，研究结果表明：在有人类活动以前，该区距离海洋较远，但受海面变化影响强烈。此后，气候向暖湿方向发展，7000—6000间的大西洋温暖湿润气候以及3700aB．P．左右期间，该区气候适宜，人类文明在这样的适宜气侯条件下得到长足发展。值得注意的是，海安青墩遗址剖面中出现厚达1m多的自然沉积地层，粒度分析以及孢粉分析表明，这一自然沉积地层是4000aB．P．以来的海侵事件所致，正是这次海侵事件，使研究区人类文明得以衰落。

Relationship Between Human and Nature in the North Part of the Yangtze Delta since the Holocene

Grain size analysis, magnetism analysis, pollen analysis and chronology analysis are performed on the samples from Longqiuzhuang Site of Gaoyou, and Qingdun Site of Hai'an in the north part of the Yangtze Delta, analyzing the relationship between rise and fall of human civilization and environment changes. The research result indicates that before human settlement occurred in the study region, the ocean is relatively far away from the region but influenced frequently by the high tide. The warm and wet climate occurred in 7000-6000 a B. P. and around 3700 a B. P. in the study region. The comfortable climatic conditions were suitable for human settlement and human civilization. It should be mentioned that, about 1m natural sedimentary layer is contained in the Qingdun profile. Grain size and pollen analysis suggest that this natural layer is the result of marine transgression event occurred after 4000 a B. P., and just this great transgression event caused the human civilization in this study region collapsed. This paper applied sediment deposition from two Neolithic sites: Longqiuzhuang Site of Gaoyou and Qingdun Site of Hai'an in the study of correlation between rise and fall of human civilization and climatic changes during the Neolithic cultural period, avoiding the uncertainty in the archaeological study applying just one site profile. Therefore, the research is theoretically and practically meaningful.