近代云南城市空间演化的外生动力分析

对19世纪70年代至1949年云南的城镇空间演化进行了纵向梳理和横向比较,研究了交通与政治两种演化影响因素的变迁,结果显示:(1)在1910年滇越铁路通车之前的清末,对外交通线路的兴衰对沿线城市空间演化有明显的影响,交通区位因素是云南城市空间演化的主要外生动力。(2)进入民国之后,地方政府对城市的建设管理和资源投入能力都强于清代,中心城市获得的资源尤其明显,因此政治因素开始成为中心城市空间演化的主要推动因素。(3)在空间分布上,铁路交通对城市演化推动的极化程度明显高于传统交通方式,因此,在交通因素与政治因素的协同作用下,在民国时期昆明城市演化的外生动力明显强于省内其他城市。

Analysis of External Motivation of Urban Space of Yunnan Province in Modern Times

To have a profound understanding with the dynamic mechanism of Yunan cities, this paper summa-rized the evolution of Yunnan cities during 1880s to 1949 from the dimension of time and spatial. Therefore, the au-thor draw the following conclusion about the external factor of urban space in neoteric Yunnan:Firstly, the driving force towards urban space of transportation and location factors had a low and evenly distributed strength by ancient low-speed transportation, while the driving force was high-strengthed and concentrated by railway transportation. It means that the polarization of the transportation in Yunnan leads to the drivging force for the urban space centralize to the central city. Secondly, in the periond of Republic of China, the local government’ s ability of imposing taxes and building cities is higher than that in Qing dynasty. Therefore, the political factor became the main reason of e-volution of urban space since then. Thirdly, because the resource for urban construction concentrated to the central city and the central of morden transportation system was located at the provincial capital, the driving force of evolu-tion of urban space in kunming became remarkably stronger than other cities in Yunnan since 1930s.