中浅地层剖面质量改进方法及应用

海洋工程勘察中，中浅地层剖面是一种应用广泛的调查设备，其具有便携性、高效率、高主频和高分辨率的特点。实际调查中，随机噪音、多次波等问题严重降低了地层剖面资料的信噪比和分辨率，同时，现场作业对海况的依赖性很强。本文从中浅地层剖面的野外采集设备和室内资料处理方面分析，提出立体震源、多道接收系统、带通滤波、预测反褶积和相关滤波等方法。立体震源拓宽了地层剖面资料的频带，获得了更深的剖面和更高的分辨率；多道接收系统使中浅地层剖面数据由单道变为多道，有利于室内资料处理；对于目前主流的单道中浅地层剖面数据，首先要识别噪音的来源和特征，再通过增益、带通滤波、涌浪校正，预测反褶积等方法来处理，最后获取的高质量地层剖面资料一定是各种方法的综合使用和多次试验的结果。

Study on the Method and Application of Quality Improvement in Shallow Stratum Profile

Shallow stratum profile equipment is widely used in marine engineering survey. It has the advantages of high portability, high efficiency, high frequency and high resolution. The random noise, multiple waves and some other factors may reduce the profile quality and resolution seriously, so practical operation largely depends on sea states. This paper analyzes the data processing and equipment upgrading of shallow stratum profile, and puts forward several kinds of methods to suppress noise and improve the quality of data. The dimensional source broadens the frequency band of shallow stratum profile, obtaining deeper profile and higher resolution. Multi-channel receiving system data are more conducive to indoor data processing. For the shallow stratum profile data, researcher should firstly identify the source and characteristics of noise. Secondly, the bandpass filter, predictable deconvolution and related filter should be properly dealt with, so as to obtain high-quality shallow stratum profile.