高寒地区湖泊浮游病毒时空分布特征

湖泊中浮游病毒的丰度在10⁵~10⁸ mL^-1，是浮游微生物中丰度较高的组分，在湖泊水生态系统中扮演着重要角色。病毒对宿主的侵染和裂解可以调节微生物群落的丰度、生产力、组成和种群多样性，同时还可以将宿主细胞的大量物质释放到湖泊中，改变碳循环和营养物质流通，进而影响生物地球化学循环。高寒地区湖泊水生态系统结构简单，主要以微生物为主，浮游病毒对微生物具有重要的调节作用，但目前研究较少。综述了近几年国内外对高寒地区湖泊病毒生态学的相关研究进展，主要包括病毒的时空分布以及与生物和非生物因子的关系、病毒与宿主的相互作用关系以及病毒对湖泊碳循环和微生物食物环的作用，发现高寒湖泊浮游病毒分布较广、多样性较高以及溶原性是病毒重要的生活策略，同时也得出由病毒裂解作用释放的有机碳对微生物活性和微生物食物环具有重要的作用。在此基础上，对今后我国青藏高原湖泊浮游病毒的研究提出了展望。

Spatial and temporal distribution of virioplankton in arctic-alpine lakes

Virioplankton is the most abundant component of planktonic microorganisms in lake, ranging typically from 10⁵ to 10⁸ mL^-1, which plays an important role in aquatic ecosystem. Viruses modulate the abundance, productivity, composition and diversity of microbial communities through infection and lysis. The lytic processes of the host microbial cells infected by viruses can affect the biogeochemical cycle by releasing large amount of the cells into the lake water, altering the carbon cycle and nutrient transformation. The structures of lake ecosystem in arctic-alpine regions are simple. They are mainly dominated by microorganisms, so viruses may play an important role in microbial lives. However, there is scarce about current knowledge on viruses. In this paper, the recent advances in viral ecology of arctic and alpine lakes are reviewed, including the temporal and spatial distributions of virus abundance, the effects of biological and abiotic factors on viral abundance, the interactions between virus and hosts and the significant role of virus on carbon cycle and microbial loop in lake ecosystems. The virus is widely distributed with high diversity. Lysogeny is a survival strategy to escape unfavorable environments. Released organic carbon by viral lysis can affect microbial activity and loop. Based on the former studies, it is put forwards that how to research the virioplankton in the lakes of Tibetan Plateau.