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The influence of human activity in the Arctic on climate and climate impacts |
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| Authors: | Henry P. Huntington Michelle Boyle Gwenn E. Flowers John W. Weatherly Lawrence C. Hamilton Larry Hinzman Craig Gerlach Rommel Zulueta Craig Nicolson Jonathan Overpeck |
| Affiliation: | (1) 23834 The Clearing Dr., Eagle River, AK 99577, USA;(2) Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall (4th floor), Vancouver, BC, V6S 1K4, Canada;(3) Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada;(4) Snow and Ice Division, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;(5) Department of Sociology, University of New Hampshire, 20 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA;(6) Water and Environment Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA;(7) Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757720, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA;(8) Department of Biology, Global Change Research Group, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, PS-240, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;(9) Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA , 01003, USA;(10) Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, University of Arizona, 715 North Park Avenue, 2nd Floor, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA |
| Abstract: | Human activities in the Arctic are often mentioned as recipients of climate-change impacts. In this paper we consider the more complicated but more likely possibility that human activities themselves can interact with climate or environmental change in ways that either mitigate or exacerbate the human impacts. Although human activities in the Arctic are generally assumed to be modest, our analysis suggests that those activities may have larger influences on the arctic system than previously thought. Moreover, human influences could increase substantially in the near future. First, we illustrate how past human activities in the Arctic have combined with climatic variations to alter biophysical systems upon which fisheries and livestock depend. Second, we describe how current and future human activities could precipitate or affect the timing of major transitions in the arctic system. Past and future analyses both point to ways in which human activities in the Arctic can substantially influence the trajectory of arctic system change. |
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