洞庭湖区旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性时空格局及影响因素

基于旅游产业、城镇化和生态环境耦合协调作用机理，运用耦合协调模型分析洞庭湖区2000—2018年17个县域旅游城镇化系统耦合协调性的时空格局及影响因素。结果表明：① 时序特征上，近20 a来耦合度和协调度呈现同步上升态势，两者均出现“一波三折”过程变化特点。耦合度增强的同时，协调度也随之增强，但滞后于耦合度的变化，协调水平有待提升。② 空间格局上，协调度与耦合度均呈现出“中部低、四周高”的分布特点。17个县域2个典型年份的耦合度和协调度出现了不同类型的转变，高层次耦合类型和协调类型的县域集中分布在洞庭湖外围地区，低层次的县域则集中分布在洞庭湖中部地区。③ 耦合协调类型的空间组合差异明显，由低层次向高层次转变的县域达到9个，组合类型的空间分布格局与耦合度和协调度的分异特征基本相似。④ 相关分析表明，协调度与表征旅游产业发展水平、城镇化发展水平和生态环境治理水平因子的较强相关性是形成这种时空分异格局的主要影响因素。

Spatio-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factor of Coupling Coordination of Tourism Urbanization System in the Dongting Lake Region

The internal coordination of tourism urbanization is the key to sustainable development. Based on coupling coordinative interactive mechanism, the coupling coordination model is used to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factor of tourism urbanization of 17 counties in the Dongting Lake region from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that: 1) The temporal features of coupling degree and coordination degree had increased synchronously for 20 years, both presenting the characteristics of fluctuating ups and downs. The average coupling degree reaches 0.526 2 that was in the high coupling phase, and the average coordination degree reaches 0.434 4 that was in the intermediate coordination stage. In the phase characteristics, coupling degree went through 2 phases of middle coupling and high coupling; coordination degree went through 3 phases of low coordination, middle coordination and high coordination. While the change of coordination degree lagged behind the change of coupling degree, which indicated that there was still room for the increase of coordination degree. 2) The spatial pattern of coordination degree and coupling degree both presented the characteristics of low in the middle and high around. In the past 20 years, there were 4 coupling type with low coupling, medium coupling, high coupling, and 3 coordination type with low coordination, medium coordination and high coordination. In the 2 typical years, the coordination degree and coupling degree of 17 counties showed different types of transformation. The counties of high-level coupling type and coordination type were concentrated in the periphery area of the Dongting Lake, represented by Yueyang City, Changde City and Yiyang City. While the counties of low-level were concentrated in the central area of the Dongting Lake, represented by Yuanjiang City and Nanxian City. 3) The spatial combination had a great difference between coupling and coordination types, there were 5 and 6 types respectively of spatial combination of coupling and coordination types in 17 counties in 2000 and 2018, and the number of counties transformed from low level to high level had reached 9. The spatial distribution pattern of combination types was basically similar to that of coupling degree and coordination degree. 4) Relative researches indicated that the main affecting factor of this kind of spatial differential distribution was the strong relationship between the coordination degree and the characterization of the development level of tourism, urbanization and environment. Therefore, the development of tourism urbanization in the Dongting Lake region should optimize a coordinative developmental mechanism for tourism, urbanization and environment, which plays the driving role of tourism, and consolidate the guarantee foundation for urbanization, and improve the supporting function of ecological environment. A series of corresponding measures will be used to promote internal coordination level of tourism urbanization, and achieve the synchronous development of coupling degree and coordination degree.