青藏高原木里矿区及其周边土地覆被变化及景观格局脆弱性响应

矿区开发会导致周边土地覆被及景观格局发生剧烈变化， 但目前对青藏高原典型矿区及其周边土地覆被长时间序列变化缺乏动态监测， 尤其缺乏对景观格局脆弱性响应特征的深入认识， 因此无法针对矿区合理开发和生态修复等提出有效的科学指导。通过遥感技术和土地变化科学研究手段， 以及景观格局脆弱性概念， 对青藏高原北部木里矿区及周边1975 - 2016年土地覆被时空变化和景观格局脆弱性进行分析和评估。结果表明： 木里矿区在2000年后剧烈扩张， 导致周边土地覆被面积缩减， 其中高寒草甸湿地面积损失最大， 其次为其他和高寒草甸。矿区开发对周边生态系统的间接影响效应在逐渐增大， 表现为水域面积减少， 高寒草甸湿地出现退化以及矿区发生少量逆转。受矿区扩张影响， 区域景观格局脆弱性不断增强， 可能对周边生态系统服务功能产生负面影响。因此， 未来矿区的生态修复和规划过程中， 应当优化景观格局， 降低景观格局脆弱性。研究成果可为青藏高原及其他生态脆弱地区的矿区合理开发规划及生态修复等工程提供一定参考。

Land cover change and landscape pattern vulnerability response in Muli mining and its surrounding areas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Mining area development will lead to dramatic changes in the surrounding land cover and landscape pattern， but at present there is a lack of dynamic monitoring of the long-term sequence changes of the typical mining area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding land cover， especially the lack of in-depth understanding of the response characteristics of the landscape pattern vulnerability. So it is impossible to provide effective scientific guidance on rational development and ecological restoration of mining areas. Based on the method of remote sensing technology and land change science， as well as the concept of landscape pattern vulnerability， the changes of land cover and the response of regional landscape pattern vulnerability of Muli coal mine in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were analysed from 1975 to 2016. The results showed that the mining area was increasing in size， especially after 2000， and this caused shrinkage of the surrounding lands， including alpine meadow wetland， other and alpine meadow. The indirect effect of the mining expansion on the surrounding ecosystem was increasing， which concluded from the decrease of water area， the degradation of alpine meadow wetland and the slight reserve of the mining area. The development of Muli mining area has led to the increase of the regional landscape pattern vulnerability， which might have a negative impact on the surrounding ecosystem service function. Therefore， the landscape pattern optimization should be considered in the ecological restoration and mining planning in order to reduce the vulnerability of landscape pattern. The research results of this paper can provide some reference for the rational development planning and ecological restoration of mining areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other ecologically fragile areas.