城市绿地空间环境公平研究进展

始于1980年代的环境公平研究近年来重点转向环境资源，尤其是公园绿地在不同族群和不同收入人群中的空间分布。经过对国内外文献的梳理，从绿地空间环境公平研究主题、绿地公平性影响因素及其测度指标和方法进行了系统综述。分析发现：1）国内外关于绿地空间环境公平的研究主要集中在近十年，呈现稳步增长的态势。总体上从环境公平视角来关注城市绿地空间的研究仍不多，案例绝大多数来自发达国家的城市，更多集中在美国；2）研究主题集中在可进入性与环境公平、绿地空间改造与环境绅士化、绿地使用中的文化公平与环境公平问题以及绿地环境公平感知与地方依恋四个方面；3）城市绿地公平性的测度最常用的是可达性、服务面积等绿地供给性指标，近年越来越多研究开始使用绿地供给与使用者需求的综合测度指标。最后，基于中国快速城市化和快速工业化带来日益紧张的土地利用冲突与经济发展压力，再加上中国特殊的人口、环境特征与文化背景，中国城市普遍面临着对绿地空间需求的日益增长，未来应特别重视城市绿地空间的环境公平问题。

Literature review on environmental justice of urban green space

The environmental justice literature, which started in the 1980s to document ethnic minority people’s disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards, has more recently focused on the spatial distribution of environmental amenities across different income and ethnic groups, particularly on parks.The paper systematically reviews from topics, influential factors, measure index and methods respectively. Conclusions are as follows:1) Literature on environmental justice of urban green space is increasing in recent ten years and most of the study cases came from developed countries while few scholars have concerned about urban green space from environmental justice perspective.2) The heated topics focus on accessibility, environmental gentrification, cultural justice and environmental justice, perception and place attachment.3) Supply indexes of green space, such as accessibility, service area, are mostly used to measure the environmental justice. However, more and more studies turn to combine green space supply and users’ needs in the recent years. Finally, China has been facing with the pressure between economic development and land use conflict due to quick urbanization and industrialization. Given the specific population, environment and cultural background, China needs to give priority to the study on green space justice.