对研制云南山地水土流失动态监测系统的初步尝试

采用基于3S技术的定量遥感方法，对1998年和1999年金沙江一级支流龙川江上游小流域进行了水土流失动态监测和防治决策分析。结果表明，1999年为涝年，侵蚀总量高达869008.97t，强度及其以上侵蚀级别的侵蚀量占总量的86．39％，侵蚀模数平均为7703.87t/km^2。1998年为旱年，流失情况较1999年的轻微。1999年中度及其以上侵蚀级别的侵蚀面积占流失总面积的32．41％，而1998年只占26．09％。1999年需要治理和急需治理的面积占侵蚀总面积的15．45％和0．82％，而998年的治理面积较低。本研究采用的技术在国内具有先进性和快速，准确，经济等优点，在云南山地有广阔的运用推广前景。

A Preliminary Study of Dynamic-System Establishment For Soil Erosion Inspect in Yunnan Mountains

With a severity of soil erosion in Yunnan Mountains, soil coneservation is a hard task in process of the "West Exploitation".In order to guide the soil conservation into a scientific and standard approach,it is urgently needed to develop a dynamic system for soil erosion inspect. A fter a collaboration between School of Science and Technology,Kunming University of Science and Technollgy,and Nanjing Institute of Pedology, Academy Sinic, we carride out a work to establish such a system, based on 3S technology, for first time in Yunnan.This technique is excellent with its advance, rapid, accurate and economic characteristics. It will be used widely in soil conservation in Yunnan after being further nodifide. We made a dynamic inspect of soil erosion during the year 1998 and 1999 in the area concernde,and tride a decision-making analysis of erosion protection and treatment. The area our study was carride out was in the minicatchment of up-streanm of the Longchuang River,the main stream of the Yangtze RIver. As the inspect results showing, it was a waterlogging year in 1999,the gross of erosion in the area reachde 869 008.97t; the sum of erosion amount at intensity level of intensive and above, took 86.39% of the gross; and the erosion module averaged 7 703.87t/km 2. It was a drought year in 1998, however, the extent of soil erosion was lighter than that in 1999. The three values discussed was respectively 4 840 092,05t,8.72% and 6 153.84t/km 2. The total erosion area in 1999 at intensity level of modulate and above took 32.41%, and it in 1998 only took 26.09%. As the results of decision-making analysis indicating, the treatment area required for soil erosion control was 354.45 and 317.77 respected in 1999 and 1998.The urgent treatment area were 18.91 and 17.96 respected in 1999 and 1998.This explains that the task of erosion control in 1999 was much more difficult than that in 1998.