史料考证与找矿(之四)：个旧锡矿

著名的个旧锡矿，据史料在元廿七年（1290年），率先在老厂矿区银铜矿开始采银（铅）-锌矿。清康熙四十六年（1707年），始由官方主持大规模开发砂锡矿，直至民国初年（1910年）都以采-冶砂锡为主，元廿七年后，银硐，黄茅山，竹林山，龙树脚等老硐深部，相继发现并转入原生锡矿开采。个旧300余年的采-选-冶开发史，使当地矿工在识别砂锡，脉锡不同矿石类型（荒），涮碗目测品位，水力采矿（冲荒尖），水力洗选（溜口），土法炼锡，锡锭表面“花口”识别等诸多领域，创造出一套完整的采-选-冶工艺，在中国矿业史上作出重大贡献。

GEJIU TIN DEPOSIT-THE 4TH PART OF TEXTUAL RESEARCH AND ORE PROSPECTING OF HISTORICAL MATERIALS

According to the historical materials,the famous Gejiu Sn deposit was first exploited for Ag(Pb) Zn ore at Yindongkuang of Laochang orefield in 1290.From 1707,officials began to exploit the Sn placer in large scale.Until 1910,the main exploited and metallurgical target was placer Sn ore.Afterwards,the original Sn deposits of the deep part of old tunnels at Yindong,Huangmaoshan,Zhulinshan and Longshujiao,etc.were discovered and exploited. In the development history more than 300 years of exploitation washing metallurgy in Gejiu,a complete series of technique in identification of different placer Sn and vein Sn,visual ore grade by washing bowl,exploitng and washing ore with waterpower,Sn metallurgy by local methods and discrimination of Sn ingot surface,etc.was created by the local miner,which is an important contribution in the history of mining industry of China.