北疆农区土壤盐渍化遥感监测及其时空特征分析

基于MODIS数据,利用归一化植被指数和盐分指数的二维特征空间关系建立土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型,对北疆农区2000年以来的土壤盐渍化状况及其空间动态变化进行了监测分析,并探讨了典型区土壤盐渍化的主要驱动因素。结果表明：① 土壤盐渍化遥感监测指数可以从宏观上定量刻画北疆农区的土壤含盐量;② 北疆农区土壤盐渍化空间特征呈现出总体上逆转、局部严重发展的态势;③ 土壤盐渍化等级在不同时间段的发展或逆转的方向主要由中度向重度及重度向盐土间的相互转化,其中重度盐渍化农用地的转化幅度最大;④ 不同土壤盐渍化等级中盐土的形成与农区降水量和干燥程度具有较好的相关性,未盐渍化（正常）和中度盐渍化与农区有效灌溉面积和农作物播种面积分别呈相关系数较高的正相关和负相关。

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Spatial-temporal Characteristics Analysis of Soil Salinization in Agricultural Area of Northern Xinjiang

The soil secondary salinization caused by brackish water irrigation and so on in agricultural area of northern Xinjiang aggravated the degree of soil salinization, severely reduced agricultural productivity level.To explore the impact of soil salinization in agricultural area of northern Xinjiang on sustainable development of agriculture, the article used the two-dimensional spatial relationship of normalized difference vegetation index and salinity index to build remote sensing monitoring model of soil salinization based on MODIS Data, and analyzed soil salinization status and the spatial dynamic changes of this area since 2000, then discussed the main driving factors of soil salinization in the typical area. The results showed: 1) Remote sensing monitoring indicators of soil salinization can quantitatively characterize soil salinity in agricultural area of northern Xinjiang from the macro. 2) The spatial characteristics of soil salinization in agricultural area of northern Xinjiang showed a reversal of the overall and local serious development situation. 3) The development or reverse direction of soil salinization levels in different periods was mainly mutual transformation of moderate to severe and severe to the saline soil, and the conversion amplitude of severe salinization agricultural land was maximum. 4)There was a good correlation between formation of saline soil with precipitation and degree of dryness and it turned on high positive and negative correlations between not salinization (normal) and moderate salinization with rural effective irrigation area and crop planting area. The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention of soil salinization.Research conclusion provided scientific guidance basis for the prevention and treatment of soil salinization in the agricultural area of northern Xinjiang and agricultural sustainable development, and offered certain research foundation in quantitative analysis and monitoring work of large scale salinization in arid areas.