激光在天空对地观测中的应用

1960年7月世界上第一台激光器问世后，激光测距迅速兴起，不管是地面激光测距，还是激光测卫和激光测月，都为大地测量学的发展作出了重大贡献；特别是激光测卫测月成果，为我们深化对地球动态效应的认识，揭示地球的奥秘，提供了许多重要的科学数据，本文综析了值得注视的下列新近发展。.在IGEX-98国际大联测中，求定GLONASS卫星的激光轨道与微波轨道之差；.评定PRN05/06号GPS卫星星历的精度；.检核Topex/Poseidon海洋测高卫星用GPS定轨的测量误差，.用机载激光测深系统测量海水的浓度；.用EOS-ALT星载激光测距/测高系统测量地球动态参数。

Applications of Laser in Observing the Earth from the Sky

Since the first Laser came into being in July 1960, Laser ranging has become a rapid development and advanced technology to survey and describe the earth. The range data acquired only from Laser satellites can be used to determine broad crustal movement, polar motion, earth rotation, earth's gravity field and precise satellite orbit parameters, solid earth and ocean tidal amplitudes. The recent developments worthy of attention are discussed as follows: To solve the difference between laser and microwave orbit parameters of GLONASS satellites in IGEX-98; To evaluate the ephemeris accuracy for GPS satellites (PAN05/06); To check the errors determining Topex/Poseidon satellite orbit with GPS; To survey the sea-water depths by means of an Airborne Laser Sounding Sytem; To observe the earth using EOS-ALT borne Geoscience Laser Ranging SyStem.