基于拓扑网络研究海州湾食物网结构与复杂性

针对食物网结构与复杂性的研究有助于深入解析食物网的功能、营养动力和能量转化过程。本文根据2011年3−12月在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的5个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查资料以及胃含物分析数据，基于11个拓扑网络指数，构建了海州湾拓扑网络，研究海州湾食物网的结构与复杂性。结果表明，本文分析的海州湾食物网物种数S为93，连接数L为1 021，每个物种的相互作用数量L/S为10.98，连接性L/S²为0.12；顶级物种、中间物种、基础物种的比例分别为29%、69%和2%；食物网的杂食性指数为87%，连接复杂性指数SC为22.20，特征路径长度ChPath为2.11，聚类系数CC为0.23。通过每个物种的相互作用数量和连接性的研究显示，L/S和L/S²的值都处在正常范围内，所以海州湾食物网的复杂性仍保持较高水平。通过物种比例、杂食性指数、连接复杂性指数、特征路径长度、聚类系数对食物网结构分析，发现海州湾食物网结构处于稳定状态，能够在一定程度上抵御外界环境的扰动，保证生态系统功能的正常运行。通过对海州湾食物网结构与复杂性的研究，将为今后海州湾食物网功能的深入研究以及海州湾渔业资源的科学管理提供重要依据。

Structure and complexity of Haizhou Bay food web based on topological network analysis

Research on the structure and complexity of food webs helps to analyze the function, nutrient dynamics and energy conversion of food webs. Based on the survey data of fishery resources and the analysis of gastric contents in five voyages in Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters from March to December 2011, this study constructed a Haizhou Bay topology network based on 11 topological network indices. To study the structure and complexity of the Haizhou Bay food network. The results showed that the number of species in the Haizhou Bay food network (S) was 93, the number of connections (L) was 1 021, the number of interactions per species (L/S) was 10.98, the number of connections (L/S²) was 0.12; the proportions of top species, intermediate species, foundation species were 29%, 69% and 2%, respectively; the omnivorous index of food web was 87%; the connection complexity index SC was 22.2; the characteristic path length ChPath was 2.11, and the clustering coefficient CC was 0.23. Studies on the number of interactions and the number of connections in each species showed that the values of L/S and L/S² were within the normal range, so the complexity of the Haizhou Bay food web remained high. Through the analysis of the structure of the food web by species ratio, omnivorous index, connection complexity index, characteristic path length and clustering coefficient, it was found that the food network structure of Haizhou Bay was in a stable state, and the proportion of basic species was low because the phytoplankton and seaweed groups were not classified. Through the study of the structure and complexity of Haizhou Bay food network, it provides an important basis for the in-depth study of the function of Haizhou Bay food network and the scientific management of Haizhou Bay fishery resources.