Reflection of typhoon morakot ?? the challenge of compound disaster simulation

Climate change has altered locally single-type disasters to large-scale compound disasters because of increasing intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events. The compound disasters can combine small-scale floods, debris flows, shallow landslides, deep-seated landslides, and landslide lakes into a large-scale single disaster event. Although simulation models and evaluation tools are available for single-type disasters, no single model is well developed for compound disasters due to the difficulty of handling the interrelationship between two successive single-type disasters. This study proposes a structure for linking available single-type simulation models to evaluate compound disasters and provides a useful tool of decision making for warning and planning of disaster reduction.