连续深度基准面构建及通航水深服务模式研究

通航水深是船舶在某时段沿着一定航线通过特定区域的最浅水深，对船舶的安全航行具有重要意义。海图测绘时将水深归算至深度基准面，由验潮资料求得，而潮汐值是通过临近区域发布的潮汐表来进行推算，由此获得的通航水深精度不 高，且不同港区之间采用深度基准不统一，所以无法为船舶提供精确、连续的通航水深。本文提出了一种基于高精度 GNSS的通航水深测量方法，直接测量海底高程，通过精密数值模型模拟海面高程，由此获得通航水深，并提出了实时通航水深的应用模式。为了建立与陆地地形相衔接的海底地形模型，以 CGCS2000 参考椭球面为垂直参考基准面，深度基准面采用 POM（Princeton Ocean Model） 模式进行潮波数值模拟的方法构建。实验结果显示：数值模型精度较高，构建的深度基准面误差在5 cm 以内。本文提出的方法改变了传统的通航水深测量及服务模式，提供高效率、高精度通航水深、海图水深数据，可为船舶用户提供实时动态水深服务。

Research on establishment of continuous depth datum and navigation depth service mode

The navigation water depth is the shallowest water depth for a ship passing through certain route during specified time, which greatly affects the safety of ship navigation. According to the chart plotting method, the water depth is reduced to the depth datum, and the height of tide is calculated by the tide table established in the adjacent areas. However, the accuracy of this method is defective, and the reference depth among different ports are not unified. Hence, it is unsatisfactory to provide an accurate and continuous navigation water depth. This paper proposes a high-precision GNSS-based navigational water depth measurement method, which obtains the navigational water depth by directly measuring the seabed elevation and simulating the sea surface elevation through a precise numerical model. This study also proposes the application mode of real-time navigation water depth. In order to establish a submarine terrain model that smoothly transited to terrestrial terrain, the CGCS2000 reference ellipsoid is used as the vertical reference datum, and the depth datum is constructed by the POM (Princeton Ocean Model) model for tidal numerical simulation. The results show that the depth datum has higher precision derived by numerical model and error is within 5 cm. The method proposed in this paper improves the traditional navigation water depth measurement and service mode, providing real-time dynamic water depth service or chart depth data for sailors with high-precision and with high-efficiency.