草牧场防护林综合效益研究综述

草牧场防护林是为改善草牧场小气候、提高牧草产量和质量、增加草原生态经济系统的承载能力和提高整个草原生态系统的生产力和稳定性而营造的防护林。由于其具有多种功能和效益，愈来愈受到人们的重视。本文根据国内外学者发表的有关草牧场防护效益的大量文献，综合论述了草牧场防护林气象效益、改良土壤效益、生物效益以及经济效益和社会效益。在此基础上提出了草牧场防护林效益研究的发展趋势。

A Study on the Synthetic Effect of Pastureland Shelterbelt

Pastureland shelterbelt is a special kind of protective plantation. Its establishment is for improving the microclimate, increasing the forage grass yield and the quality on the pastureland, raising its carrying capacity and its productivity as well as its stability of grassland eco-economic systems. Because of its several function and effect, it is paid to more attention. This paper synthetically summaries its meteorological effect, its soil improvement effect, its living thing effect, economical effect and social effect, puts forward development tendency of pastureland shelterbelt researches in the future on the basis of consulting a large number of Chinese and foreign references. Author thinks that the opportunity is mature for studying material circulation, energy flow and information flow of the complete grassland ecological economy system, including pasture, livestock, human beings and pastureland shelterbelts by use of the theories and methods on ecology, shelterbelt science and so on. Meanwhile, the influences of pastureland shelterbelts on herbage physiological indices and physiological processes, animal physiological activities and physiological processes,the influences of pastureland shelterbelts on microbe kinds,quantity,distribution law and activity intensity,enzyme kinds and activeness of soil,the influences of pastureland shelterbelts on the distribution,growth,biomasses and productivity of root systems will be the research tendency of pastureland shelterbelts effect in the future by way of physiological ecology,microbial science,zymology and plant physiology. From the macroscopic point and the microscopic combination point of view,the comprehensive effect evaluation for all types of pastureland shelterbelt, including ecological effect,economical effect,and social effect will also be research direction in the days to come.