新疆40a来气温、降水和沙尘天气变化

根据1961-2001年新疆代表北疆的8个气象站、天山山区的8个气象站、南疆的8个气象站的实测资料, 分析了40 a来新疆气温、降水、沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘年代际变化特征.结果显示: 40 a来新疆气温呈明显上升趋势, 后10 a(1991-2000年)比前30 a平均气温升高, 北疆偏高0.8℃, 南疆和天山山区均偏高0.℃; 降水变化的总趋势是增湿明显, 后10 a与前30 a相比降水增加, 南疆偏多20.4%, 北疆偏多11.3%, 天山山区偏多9.8%; 南疆与北疆各类沙尘天气年际变化趋势基本相似, 80年代以来呈减少趋势; 南疆沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘总日数之和与同期的温度、降水在春季有相对较好的线性相关关系.

Variations of Air Temperature, Precipitation and Sand-Dust Weather in Xinjiang in Past 40 Years

Analyzing the observations from 8 weather stations in the north Xinjiang Region and 8 weather stations in the south Xinjiang Region, as well as 8 weather stations in the Tianshan Mountains, during 1961-2001, the changing features of air temperature, precipitation, sand-dust storm, blowing-sand and floating dust in the region are revealed. It is found: 1) Air temperature has an increasing trend obviously. Temperature from 1991 to 2000 was higher than that from 1961 to 1990, with an increase of 0.8℃ in the north and 0.5℃ in the south and in the Tianshan Mountains. 2) Generally precipitation change has an obviously increasing trend. Comparing precipitation from 1991 to 2000 with that from 1961 to 1990, it is found an increase of 20.4% in the south, an increase of 11.3% in the north and an increase of 9.8% in the Tianshan Mountains. 3) The inter-decadal changing tends of various sand-dust weathers on the south and north is basically similitude; the sand-dust weather has obviously decreased since the 1980s. 4) There is a better linear correlation between the sum of occurring days of sand-dust storm, blowing-sand and floating dust and the temperature and precipitation in spring in the south.