基于TOPEX/Poseidon卫星数据的江河流量测算

TOPEX／Poseidon卫星的原始目的是测量海面高度变化信息,为海洋监测服务。作者通过假设基准面的方法,将由TOPEX／Poseidon卫星数据估算的下垫面水位相对变化信息转化为”水位”系列并建立了由TOPEX／Poseidon得出的“水位”与相邻水文站实测流量间的相关关系,进而实现了由TOPEX／Poseidon卫星数据估算河道流量的目的。利用1998～1999年TOPEX／Poseidon在长江下游大通附近的过境数据和对应年份大通水文站实测流量数据,验证了本方法的可行性。研究结果表明：在长江下游河道地区,由TOPEX／Poseidon卫星数据可定量估算出山河流流量信息。

Estimation of River Discharge Using TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Data

The original purpose of the TOPEX/ Poseidon was to measure sea surface height. Making use of the concept, "assuming datum plane", TOPEX/Poseidon derived water level changes data were converted to water level data. Furthermore, the rating curve between satellite-derived "water level" and in situ river discharge was established. Using this approach, the actual river discharge can be determined from TOPEX/Poseidon data without the need of the actual water level. Based on the two years (1998, 1999) TOPEX/Poseidon data and ground observed river discharge data around Datong station which is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the approach was validated. The results show that TOPEX/Poseidon data can be used to determine river discharge in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.