河南信阳板栗生长的土壤地球化学评价

信阳板栗是河南省名特优农产品之一,但是有关信阳板栗生长环境的土壤地球化学方面研究较少,致使目前板栗的种植、规划等缺乏理论依据.本文对河南信阳板栗种植区土壤样品的地球化学元素进行测试分析,研究了土壤地球化学元素与板栗品质之间的相关关系.分析结果显示,板栗品质与土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、pH值、全氮、氨态氮、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰、有效硼呈正相关关系,并且与氨态氮、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰、有效硼的相关性很强,说明耕作土壤增加这些元素的含量有利于提高板栗品质,土壤pH值越接近5～6的最适宜范围,板栗品质越好；板栗品质与土壤容重、速效磷、速效钾呈负相关关系,认为在施用磷肥和钾肥增加速效磷、速效钾,提高板栗产量的同时,应注意板栗品质下降的问题.值得注意的是,研究区土壤中有效硼含量低于土壤临界值,是限制板栗品质的重要因素.本研究为提高信阳板栗品质、规划板栗园的种植、科学管理和合理施肥提供了依据.

Geochemistry Evalution on Soil of Xinyang Chestnut Growth in Henan Province

Xinyang chestnut is one of the famous farm products in Henan province. Due to little geochemistry research on soil for Xinyang chestnut growth, theoretical basis of chestnut cultivation and planning is lacking. In order to reveal the relationship between the quality of Xinyang chestnut and the geochemical environment by using correlation analysis, geochemical elements of the soil samples in the chestnut-growing areas were analyzed and are reported in this paper. The results show that there are positive correlations between the quality of chestnut and soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, pH value, total N, ammonia state N, available Zn, Cu, Mn, and B. Very strong relationships were found between the quality of chestnut and available Zn, Cu, Mn, and B. Therefore, the quality of chestnut will be improved by increasing the contents of these elements in the soil when the PH value is in the range of 5 to 6. The research results also indicate that there is a negative correlation between quality of chestnut and soil bulk density, available P and K. Although the application of P and K may improve chestnut production, the high available P and K will reduce the quality. Furthermore, available B in the study area was lower than the threshold for soil, which was a key factor to control the quality of chestnut. The research results provide the scientific basis for quality improvement, industry distribution, scientific management and reasonable fertilization for Xinyang chestnuts.