中国西北地区植被覆盖变化驱动因子分析

利用GIMMS/NDVI数据分析了中国西北地区1982-2006年植被覆盖时空变化特征及其驱动因子。近25 a来,中国西北地区年均植被NDVI增速为0.5%/10 a,并存在明显的空间差异。天山、阿尔泰山、祁连山、青海的中东部等地区植被NDVI显著增加;青海南部地区、陕西和宁夏交界地区、甘肃的部分地区以及新疆的塔里木盆地、吐鲁番、塔里木河、托里等地区植被NDVI下降。从不同植被类型来看:林地、草地和耕地的年均NDVI都在提高。研究表明:中国西北地区植被NDVI变化是各种自然和人为影响因素综合作用的结果。自然植被(林地等)变化更大程度上反映了气候变化对植被的影响,而人工植被(耕地等)变化更多体现的是人类活动的作用。不同高程、坡度、坡向上的植被NDVI变化存在较大差异,当海拔超过4 000 m时,植被NDVI增加趋势很小;坡度低于25°的坡地植被NDVI增加主要是由于近年来的植被建设;阳坡植被变化比阴坡活跃,植被改善趋势较强。植被NDVI与气温、降水的年际变化整体上都呈弱的正相关,温度上升使蒸发量增大,促进了土壤的干化,不利于植被生长,并且灌溉农业区的河水灌溉会降低农业植被NDVI和降水的相关程度。农业生产水平和植被生态建设等人类活动对西北地区植被NDVI增加起重要作用。

Vegetation cover change and its driving factors over northwest China

In this paper the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation cover in northwest China and its driving factors were analyzed with the average method,trend line and correlation analysis during 1982 to 2006 using GIMMS/NDVI data.The annual average NDVI has been increased with a rate of 0.5 %/10 a in northwest China and there is an obvious difference in the space.The trend line slopes of NDVI were higher than 0.000 5 in the Tianshan and Altay Mountains of Xinjiang,the Qilian Mountains of Gansu and the eastern part...