黑河流域陆地—大气相互作用研究的几点思考

陆地和大气之间是相互作用、相互影响的，不仅陆面分布与地表过程对大气变化有着响应过程，而且陆面物理过程、地表特征分布对大气过程也有着重要影响。我国西北地区地形分布极不均匀，是水资源变化和气候变化的敏感区与脆弱地区。这里，由于海拔高度起伏造就了以水为主线的上游山区冰雪、冻土—中游森林、绿洲—下游戈壁荒漠的多个自然景观带共存的内陆河流域，是开展陆—气相互作用研究的理想场所。文章集中黑河流域水循环过程、冰雪/冻土与大气相互作用、降水异质性、人类活动影响以及尺度等问题，阐述了流域研究现状以及研究热点，指出发挥各学科优势，将大尺度的大气过程与中间尺度和小尺度的陆面水文/生态过程结合，建立流域尺度大气—水文—生态过程真正的双向耦合模式，不仅研究气候变化对陆面水文、生态的影响，同时探讨陆面小尺度过程对大气的反馈机理，探索流域尺度的水循环过程和驱动机理，为水资源合理利用提供理论基础。

Several Points on Mass and Energy Interaction between Land Surface and Atmosphere in the Heihe River Basin

There are interactions between land surface and atmosphere. Not only land surface condition response to atmospheric/climate changes, but also land processes and land parameters such as DEM, vegetation fraction, land cover distribution, soil texture distribution, soil hydraulic and thermal parameters play an important role in atmospheric changes. Strong heterogeneity exists in the Northwest China. It is sensitive and frail for water resources variation and climate change. The inner land watersheds are formed lined by water flow with multilayer nature landscape coexisting because of the topography roll there. Snow cover and permafrost exist in the mountainous regions in the upper reaches. Forests and oases lay in the middle reaches and Gobi/desert in the downstream. It provides the right place for mass and energy interaction study between land surface and atmosphere. There are several questions that need more studies. Water cycling, interaction between snow/freezing soil and atmosphere, precipitation downscaling, influence of land cover/use caused by human activity and nature change on atmosphere and scaling issue are discussed. It is pointed out that how to link the atmosphere model with coarse resolution and the middle/micro scale processes over land surface to establish the two way coupling model is the main purpose in the future. Not only the impact of climate change on land water resources and ecosystem, but also the influence of land surface processes on atmosphere could be studied using the new established model. Therefore, the water cycle process and driving mechanism over the whole Heihe River Basin could be studied, which provide theoretical base for water resources management. 