华北平原农业节水与水量调控

本文从系统观点出发,提出节水农业的系统框架,并针对华北平原农业用水情况,就各种节水措施的应用与潜力进行了分析。最后,结合节水管理,讨论了水量调控的若干原理问题。

WATER SAVING, REGULATION AND CONTROL FOR AGRICUITURE IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN

It is well-known that there is a major problem of water shortage in North China Plain, the greatest plain in the Country, Which plays an important role in the nation's economy in terms of agricultural production. Recently, water shortage in the plain has constrained further development of agriculture as well as industry. To solve this problem, there are several alternatives such as transferring water from water-surplus regions into the plain, building new reservoirs and adoptig water-saving technique etc.. Qenerally speaking. the alternatives can be grouped as follows. Openning new water, water saving and water management. The former Seems not oaly high costs, but also a Long period to construct new project, although its effeciency in solving water problem is very high. Obviously, the latter two measures are urgent matter of the moment The present paper systematically deals with water-saying issues including two aspects, namely, water-saving agriculture and water regulation/control for agricultural water utilization.In this paper the author intends to present a framework of water-saving agriculture according to natural and social conditions of the plain. The water-saving agriculture comprises agriculture itself agriculture production structure, cropping system and crop allocation], water-saving technique reduction of loss from irrigation canal systems, water-saving irrigation techniques or irrigation method, irrigation schedule or time table] and water-saving management institutional performance, econmy and management techniques].The second half of this paper discusses water regulation and control. On the basic principles of water movement from soil through plant into atmosp-her so-called SPAC systems and air, surface, soil and ground water interactions in the field farmland], the author presents an agricuatural water-regulation mechanism, objective, role of special hydrolo gical states in water control, relationship between water utilisation and water regulation, system behavior significance in water control and regional variation of water-regula-tions. These aspects concerned are of great importance in implementation of water-saving agriculture in the North China plain.Finally, the author would like to state that the water-saving agriculture should be not only an expedient measure but also a permanent work of agricaltural water management. In fact a new water source must be developed on the basis of water saving. Also, this paper illustrates very high potential in solving water problem of the North China Plain through the water saving.