基于RS、GIS的奈曼旗土地覆盖/利用变化研究

利用内蒙古奈曼旗1980年、1996年的1：10万的TM遥感影像，采用空间分析和统计分析的方法，研究了1980～1996年来该县土地覆盖／利用变化过程及其自然社会经济驱动机制。结果表明，20世纪80年代以来林地和草地的变化最为显著，林地、草地面积明显增加，沙地和耕地面积减少，其它土地利用类型面积变化不大；景观呈现整体破碎化的趋势，耕地和林地的破碎明显，未利用土地破碎萎缩，土地覆盖／利用向多样化、均匀化方向发展。粮食单产、年均降水量、农业机械动力是草地变化的主要驱动力，农牧民人均纯收人、大牲畜总头数是林地变化的主要驱动力。

RS/GIS-based Study on the Land Cover/use Change in Naiman Banner,Inner Mongolia

In this paper, the land cover/use change in Naiman Banner of Inner Mongolia and the natural, social and economic driving forces during the period of 1980-1996 are researched by using the TM images of 1980 and 1996 and the methods of spatial analysis and statistical analysis. The results show that the areas of woodlands and grasslands in Naiman Banner were changed significantly, that is the areas of woodlands and grasslands were enlarged significantly, the areas of sandlands and farmlands were reduced, and the change of the areas of other land use types was not so obvious. The landscapes were in a general trend of fragmentation, the fragmentation of the farmlands and woodlands was obvious, the unused lands were fragmented and their areas were reduced, and the land cover/use was changed towards diversity and uniformity. The per unit area yield of cereals, annual precipitation and farming mechanical power were the main driving forces of the change of grassland areas, and per capita income of farmers and herdsmen and number of livestock were the main diving forces of the change of woodland areas.