中国新疆北天山和台湾南部陆地泥火山研究进展

在系统介绍中国新疆北天山地区和台湾南部地区泥火山研究进展的基础上, 对其地质特征进行了对比分析。结果显示, 北天山和台湾南部地区的泥火山均沿着断裂带分布, 主要位于背斜轴部, 泥火山分布区地层多出露为含泥岩层。对两个地区泥火山喷出物物理特征进行了对比分析, 固体喷发物的矿物成分相似, 如石英、 蒙脱石等; 液体喷出物的泥浆温度与冒泡频率相近, 但最大气泡直径与气体流量有很大差别。又分别对两地区液体、 气体喷出物的化学特征进行了对比分析, 液体喷出物均盐度高; 甲烷是大多数泥火山喷发气体的主要成分, 一些泥火山喷发的气体主要是二氧化碳。区域构造地质和气候条件不同, 导致两地泥火山喷出物存在差异。从现有研究来看, 两地泥火山的喷发都是岩层的孔隙压力增大造成的。两个地区泥火山与当地地震活动之间表现出良好的对应关系。泥火山的地球化学参数可能是地震活动的潜在指标。

A Review of Researches on Land Mud Volcanoes in Northern Tianshan of Xinjiang and Southern Taiwan,China

Based on the systematically introduction of the research progress, this paper comparatively analyses the geological characteristics of mud volcanoes between the southern Taiwan and the north Tianshan, Xinjiang province, including the eruption characteristics of the mud volcano in different states. The results show that the mud volcanoes in the study areas are all distributed along the fault zones, and mainly located in the anticlinal axis, which are mostly exposed to the mud-bearing layers. Besides, the geophysical characteristics show similarity in mineral compositions of the solid eruptions (quartz and montmorillonite etc.), the mud temperature of the liquid eruption, and the bubbling frequency between the aforementioned two study areas.The maximum bubble diameter and gas flow, in contrast, show obvious difference.Through comparatively analyzing the geochemical characteristics of liquid and gas eruption in the two regions, we find that the liquid eruption has the same characteristic of high salinity. Methane is the main content of the gas emissing from most of the mud volcanoes, but at volcanos carbon dioxide is the main content. The great difference in the eruptions from mud volcanoes in the two study areas, is considered to be the result of regional geological structures and climatic conditions. According to the current researches, the eruptions of mud volcanoes in both areas were caused by the increase of formation pressure. The geochemical mechanism of mud volcanoes is summarized and it has a good relationship with seismic activity, which shows that the geochemical parameters of mud volcanoes could be the potential indicators for the seismic activity.