火险等级评估方法与应用分析

森林草原火灾不仅严重危害到社会和人民财产安全,还危及到我国生态安全。火险等级评估作为科学防火的一个重要方法,可以为森林草原防火提供科学有效的决策支持信息。本文在已有相关研究总结的基础之上,针对火险等级评估方法和应用进行了如下分析。并定义阐述了火险等级评估研究中的相关概念;对火灾危险评估已使用过的指标进行了总结,简要分析了各类评估指标对火灾的影响;总结和分析了已有的火险等级评估方法;并介绍了针对我国北方四省森林草原生态环境特点简要分析了遥感反演指标的火险等级评估应用。

An Analysis of Fire Danger Rating Assessment Method and Application

The resource of forest and grassland is abundant in China.Furthermore,forest and grassland are important to socio-economic development and environmental protection in China.But frequent fire occurrence in forest and grassland has become a great threat to economy and environment,especially in border area.Assessment study on fire danger rating is a meaningful way in forest and grassland management and can provide useful information to support fire management decisions.This paper firstly defined some concepts on fire danger,fire danger rating,fire danger index,and so on.Then the fire danger indicators were summarized and classified into fire categories.Their application in fire danger rating assessment was analyzed,too.The second key to fire danger rating assessment is how to construct the fire danger index algorithm.In the paper,we reviewed the evaluation methods in fire danger rating assessment study,including both qualitative and quantitative.And then,an application example on the fire danger rating assessment based on remote sensing was given.Four provinces in Northern China(Helongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning and Inner Mongolia) were selected as the study area.Five fire danger indicators retrieved from remotely-sensed data were integrated to calculate the fire danger index by the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process.According to the value of fire danger index,fire danger was classified into five ratings.Using the constituted criterion,fire danger rating distribution can be mapped and used to provide useful information for supporting fire management decisions in forest and grassland.