面向社区生活圈构建的郊区居民社区依赖性研究——以上海市为例

在郊区化和社区生活圈构建的背景下,提高郊区居民日常生活对社区空间的依赖性对于缓解城市发展压力、提高居民生活质量和满意度有重要意义。论文将功能性依赖和情感性依赖2个维度相结合,构建研究框架,将居民的社区依赖性划分为社区依赖、社区依靠、社区认同和社区排斥4种类型。以上海市为案例地区开展实证研究,基于2017年郊区居民行为调查的一手数据,分析居民功能性依赖和情感性依赖的基本特征及其群体间差异,并利用多项Logistics回归模型,研究社区空间特征对社区依赖性的影响。对不同群体和不同社区特征下社区依赖性的模式进行总结,以期为郊区社区生活圈规划提供研究依据。研究结果表明：不同群体的社区依赖性特征存在显著差异,小汽车拥有情况对于功能性依赖和情感性依赖的作用方向相反;社区设施密度主要影响居民对社区的功能性依赖;社区绿地率对功能性依赖和情感性依赖都有显著的积极影响;居民对社区的主观评价主要影响情感性依赖。社区生活圈的规划应改善社区环境质量,合理配置绿地、开敞空间和休闲设施,提高社区商业设施等级和质量,同时也要注重加强社会环境的建设。

Neighborhood attachment of suburban residents in the context of community life circle construction: A case study in Shanghai

Under the background of rapid suburbanization, suburban areas have become the most changeable and complex region in metropolitan areas. Increasing the dependence of residents' daily activities on neighborhood space is of great importance for relieving the pressure of urban development and improving the quality of life of residents. Studies show that residents' psychological dependence on a neighborhood also has a positive impact on life satisfaction. Based on the concept of people-oriented development, Shanghai City Master Plan 2017-2035 proposes to build 15-minute life circles, and to optimize the spatial structure of suburbs. In the context of rapid suburbanization and community life circle construction, this research built a framework that combines the two dimensions of functional attachment and emotional attachment to study neighborhood attachment of residents in Shanghai suburbs. It aimed to answer the following research questions: 1) How is residents' neighborhood attachment from a comprehensive perspective that combines the two dimensions of functional attachment and emotional attachment? 2) What are the differences of neighborhood attachment among various social groups? 3) How do the built environment and the subjective perception of neighborhood environments impact individuals' neighborhood attachment? The data used in this research came from an activity-travel behavior survey conducted in Shanghai suburbs in 2017. The data include individuals' socioeconomic attributes, daily activities, and perception of communities. First, this study analyzed the characteristics of residents' neighborhood attachment and the differences of different social groups. Second, on the basis of the research framework, residents' neighborhood attachment was divided into four types: neighborhood attachment, neighborhood dependence, neighborhood identity, and neighborhood exclusion. Multiple Logistics regression models were used to analyze the impacts of the built environment and subjective perception of neighborhood on individuals' neighborhood attachment type after socioeconomic attributes were controlled for. Third, based on the results of regression analyses, we represent the relationships between socioeconomic attributes and neighborhood attachment, and neighborhood characteristics and neighborhood attachment by two coordinate systems. The differences of neighborhood attachment among different social groups are significant. Neighborhood characteristics have significant influences on neighborhood attachment: the density of neighborhood facilities mainly influences functional attachment; neighborhood green space ratio influences both functional attachment and emotional attachment; residents' subjective evaluation of neighborhood environment mainly influences emotional attachment. According to the research findings, the construction of community life circle should maintain and improve environment quality and focus on the arrangement of green space, open space, and leisure facilities. Meanwhile, it is important to promote the social integration of residents in the neighborhoods.