国家级贫困县旅游发展与多维贫困的脱钩关系研究——以西南地区为例

发展旅游业被认为是贫困地区缓解贫困的重要方式之一,为探讨国家级贫困县的旅游扶贫发展现状,本文基于Tapio脱钩模型,以西南地区136个国家级贫困县为例,对旅游发展分别与综合贫困以及、教育、医疗、社会福利等不同维度贫困间的脱钩关系进行研究。研究结果表明：① 随着旅游的发展,西南地区贫困县的综合贫困状况得到改善,但改善程度表现出不稳定性并逐渐放缓;② 随着旅游发展,西南地区贫困县经济和社会福利贫困某种程度上得到改善,医疗贫困得到较大改善,教育贫困基本未得到改变;③ 西南地区不同省份贫困县的旅游扶贫发展存在空间差异性,贵州贫困县表现最好。本研究对于深度了解旅游扶贫现状,进一步发挥旅游的多维扶贫作用具有重要意义。

The decoupling relationship between tourism development and multidimensional poverty in national-level poor counties: A case study of Southwest China

Poverty has always been the focus of people’s attention. The ways to alleviate poverty have become one of the hot topics of discussion. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China’s strong fight against poverty has made decisive progress. Nevertheless, at the end of 2017, China’s rural impoverished population still had 30.46 million. The task of poverty alleviation is still arduous in China. For the sake of complete eradication of poverty in rural areas by 2020, China’s poverty alleviation work needs to be further advanced. Due to the high spatial consistency of China’s tourism resource-rich areas and poverty-stricken areas, and tourism industry’s characteristics of less investment, rapid effect, low threshold and high industry related degree, the development of tourism is considered as an important way to get rid of poverty in poor areas. Thus, tourism poverty alleviation has gradually received attention from governments at all levels and academic circles. From the current poverty situation, the country is transiting from widespread poverty to small-scale poverty. Poverty-stricken counties are the vital targets and crucial organizational units of poverty alleviation in rural China. In order to explore the status quo of tourism poverty alleviation, this paper takes 136 national-level poor counties in Southwest China as an example to study the decoupling relationship between tourism development and multidimensional poverty based on Tapio decoupling model. We got three research results. First, with the development of tourism, comprehensive poverty has been improved, but has shown instability and gradually slowed down. Second, with the development of tourism, economic poverty and social welfare poverty have been partly improved, medical poverty has been improved greatly, and education poverty has almost remained unchanged. Third, there are spatial differences in tourism poverty alleviation for different provinces, with the best performance in Guizhou province. This study is meaningful for understanding current situations about tourism poverty alleviation deeply and exerting the effect of multidimensional tourism poverty alleviation thoroughly.