城市建成环境对居民体力活动的影响 ——以福州市的经验研究为例

利用福州中心城区的社会调查、POI、道路网、用地性质等数据,在社区尺度探究城市建成环境对居民休闲型中高强度体力活动的影响。研究发现：① 低密度土地利用与体力活动时长呈正向关联,功能单一和邻近主干道则对体力活动起到抑制作用。② 体力活动目的地对不同人群具有差异化影响,体育用地和付费运动场所仅能促进中高阶层和中高收入者的体力活动,而周边公共运动设施的丰富程度更具普适性意义。③ 通过纳入运动偏好和单独分析保障房、单位大院及房改房住户达到规避居住自选择的目的,证明上述建成环境特征对体力活动的影响是独立且稳健的。

The Impact of Urban Built Environment on Residents’ Physical Activity: Based on the Empirical Research in Fuzhou City

With the process of urbanization and motorization, lack of physical exercise has become a serious public health problem, which may cause a series of chronic diseases such as obesity, heart disease or diabetes. Therefore, health geography has become a research hotspot in foreign interdisciplinary studies, but domestic research has still been limited. By utilizing data of social survey, point of interest (POI), road network, land use and other data within the core urbanized area of Fuzhou, this thesis explored the impact of urban built environment on residents' moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at community scale. In order to avoid uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP), the spatial measurement range of dependent variable and independent variables was unified within a buffer of 500 meters around samples’ residence. The standard negative binomial regression results demonstrated that low-density land use showed significant positive relationship with physical activity duration, which was totally different from evidence in relative low-density North American cities. But like other international research, single urban function and adjacent main roads in Fuzhou had inhibitory effects on physical activity within community. Furthermore, there was no obvious distinctive in the impact of such 3D dimension of urban built environment on physical activity of various strata, which meant the health effects of urban density, functional mixing, and road network morphology had certain universality. Additionally, physical activity destinations had particular influence on different people. Sports land use and paid stadiums or sports venues could merely promote physical activities of middle-high hierarchy groups or middle-high income earners while had negative effects on vulnerable groups, so that health inequities problem between different classes have been exacerbated. However, the abundance of peripheral public sports facilities with small land occupation had more universal impact on all types of residents. In order to control the interference of self-selection mechanism, this analysis incorporated preference of sports and specifically focused on samples living in public house, unit communities and fanggaifang who nearly had no possibility to choose their housing location. It was proved that the above-mentioned built environment characteristics had independent and steady influence on residents' moderate to vigorous physical activity. Consequently, renovation and renewal of built environment can slow down or even reverse the decline trend in physical activity volume. In particular, the emphasis in western literature on evaluating the density of land use is not entirely applicable to Chinese cities. However, it is necessary to strengthen the functional mix of land-use properties and avoid blindly adopting wide streets. Urban planners should also focus on the value orientation of social equity, not only pay attention to the supply of sports land and paid stadiums, but also should emphasize the public goods attributes of sports land use and activity sites, and continuously improve and maintain public sports facilities around each community so as to meet physical exercise needs for all the people, especially for those who are difficult to obtain fitness services from market and let them share construction fruits of healthy cities. Lastly, some limitation of this research was put forward.