南京城市义务教育设施空间演化

选取规模、质量、可达性和承载压力等指标,综合运用Zipf对数模型、G指数、差异判别系数及路网测度技术等方法研究南京城市义务教育设施的空间演化。结果表明：① 义务教育设施总体规模在扩大,但小学规模差异缩小,初级中学则扩大。中心城区和郊区的规模差异呈现不同特征。② 义务教育质量总体表现出空间扩散态势,核心-边缘结构依然明显存在,行政区内极化现象突出。③ 义务教育设施的时间可达性总体降低,学区划分对可达性公平存在重大影响。④ 由于人口年龄结构和设施布局变化,除江宁区和建邺区外的多数地区义务教育承载压力明显减轻。

Evolution of Compulsory Educational Facilities in Urban Nanjing

Basic public service equalization is essential for the promotion of regional sustainable development and establishment of harmonious society. Educational equalization is one of core components of basic public service equalization and realization of educational equity is especially a critical task and representation of basic public service equalization. Based on a set of reliable and practical indicators including scale, quality, accessibility as well as carrying capacity of compulsory educational facilities, this paper employs a series of methods such as Zipf logarithm model, G index, differential determination coefficient and GIS-based road network measurement to investigate the spatial evolution of compulsory educational facilities in urban Nanjing within 2006-2015. The results of this study show that: Within 2006-2015, the overall scale of the compulsory education facilities in Nanjing is expanding, meanwhile the size difference of elementary schools is shrinking, and junior high schools are expanding. Also, the scale difference of educational facilities in the central urban and suburban areas shows the trend of widening and narrowing respectively. The educational quality difference generally declines with fluctuation, and high-quality education resource exhibits a general spatial diffusion but is still relatively concentrated. Besides, the core-periphery structure of qualities on compulsory educational facilities still exists obviously, and the phenomena of polarization on high-quality educational resources within administrative districts become more prominent. Due to factors such as school relocation and extension of residential areas, overall accessibility of compulsory educational facilities declines with higher time cost. Compared with elementary schools, the decline of accessibility of junior high schools is more significant. Among all districts in the study area, Jianye District is characterized by a minimum internal equilibrium of accessibility and patterns of school districts division exert a dominant impact on accessibility fairness. On account of changes of population age structure and the layout of the urban facilities, the pressure of education capacity in the study area is generally alleviated except Jiangning District and Jianye District, which have a relatively sharp rise. Furthermore, the equilibrium of capacity distribution of compulsory educational facilities in the central urban area has increased, and the suburbs show a downward trend. This article examines the ten-year spatial evolution process of compulsory educational facilities in urban Nanjing, aiming at providing scientific decision-making advice for the optimization of planning and management on compulsory educational facilities.