京津冀都市区乡村振兴模式及其途径研究——以天津市静海区为例

本文以京津冀地区的静海区为例,利用经济、人口、资源环境和区位等栅格尺度数据运算对县域乡村发展状况评价,通过对乡村发展度空间聚类分析,划分了乡村发展类型区,并提炼了乡村振兴极。研究结果显示：静海区经济、人口与区位要素的空间分异度明显高于资源环境要素;依据乡村发展度将静海区划分为商贸经济发展区（11.7%）、工业发展区（20.2%）、设施农业发展区（45.1%）和传统农业发展区（22.9%）;结合制度、产业、技术和人才等途径提出了适宜不同类型区的乡村振兴模式,引入先进技术,增加产业链条为主的现代农业规模化发展模式（Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ类型区）;集聚零散产业,培养技术人才为主的企业规模化发展模式（Ⅱ、Ⅲ类型区）;增强设施辐射,产业转型为主的卫星城镇（中心社区）发展模式（Ⅳ、Ⅵ类型区）,对实现乡村振兴与加快城乡融合具有重要的启示意义。

Mode of rural revitalization and its approaches in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area: A case study of Jinghai District in Tianjin

In recent years, the urban-rural gap is increasing with the rapid urbanization and industrialization. Due to the urban plundering of rural talents, land and industry, “rural diseases” are becoming increasingly prominent. Thus, rural revitalization aiming at reducing the urban-rural gap is an important strategy to promote urban-rural integration. This article measures the rural development degree of Jinghai District using raster-based analysis of economy, population, resources-environment and location. The study divides Jinghai District into four rural development types and finds rural revitalization poles by multidimensional spatial aggregation analysis. The results show that the spatial differences of economy, population and location in Jinghai District are significantly higher than those of resources-environment: the economy presents the integration zone centered on Daqiu Town, Tuanbo Town and Dafengdui Town; the population is presented as multiple cores; the location in the central region is higher than that of other regions with decreasing towards the east and west; the spatial distribution of resources-environment is relatively consistent. According to the rural development degree, Jinghai District is divided into four zones: the business development zone (11.7%) is mainly concentrated in the central region with high level of all elements; the industrial development zone (20.2%) is mainly distributed in the east with high level of economy and resources-environment, and medium level of population and location; the facility agricultural development zone (45.1%) is in the southwest with medium level of all elements; and the traditional agricultural development zone (22.9%) is located in the south with low level of all elements. According to the characteristics and rural problems of the four zones, the study explores rural revitalization ways based on system, industry, talent and technology. In terms of system, this article suggests to establish land management institutions and agricultural product market management associations; in terms of industry, this article proposes to upgrade the industry and build new industrial parks in remote regions; in terms of technology, the study suggests to use network technology to lead rural development; in terms of talent, this paper proposes to train talents of management, organization and production. Lastly, the study puts forward three rural revitalization modes for different zones combining system, industry, technology and talent. The modern agriculture scale development mode will solve the rural problems of low production efficiency and weakening of agricultural production labor (Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ) by introducing advanced technology and increasing industrial chain; the enterprise scale development mode will solve small and scattered businesses and environmental pollution in villages (Ⅱ, Ⅲ) through gathering scattered industries and cultivating technical talents; and the satellite town (central community) development mode will provide public services for remote villages (Ⅳ, Ⅵ) by enhancing the radiation of facilities and transforming industries. It is of great inspiration to realize rural revitalization and speed up urban-rural integration.