全球-地方出口溢出效应对新企业进入出口市场的影响

出口增长是驱动中国经济发展的关键力量,新出口企业进入是出口增长的微观体现。新贸易理论认为集聚外部性带来的知识溢出是影响企业出口决策的关键因素。出口地、目的国维度的知识溢出均有利于企业获取必要的出口知识,降低进入出口市场的难度。演化经济地理理论强调认知邻近是出口溢出发挥作用的前提,出口地、目的国维度的出口经验、产品关联是出口溢出的主要内容。论文利用2002—2011年中国海关贸易数据库,分析出口地、目的国溢出对新企业进入出口市场的作用。结果发现：① 出口溢出可以显著提升新出口企业进入概率,私营企业更倾向于进入出口溢出更强的出口地、目的国市场;② 出口溢出对跟随型企业,特别是本土跟随型企业进入的促进作用更强,国有集体企业更强调整体出口经验溢出,私营企业更强调产品知识溢出;③ 出口地溢出有利于新出口企业拓展到新目的国,目的国溢出有利于新出口企业拓展到新产品。论文完善了出口企业空间动态研究,拓展了出口溢出对出口决策作用的空间维度,也有助于深化对中国贸易空间的理解。

Impact of export spillovers on the entry of new firms into the export market

Export growth is a key driver for China's economic development. The entry of new export firms is an important indicator of export growth. The New Trade Theory believes that knowledge spillover brought about by agglomeration externalities is a crucial factor affecting the exporting decision making of firms. Global and local knowledge spillovers encourage firms to acquire necessary export knowledge and thus reduce their difficulty of entering export markets. Theories of evolutionary economic geography emphasize that cognitive proximity is the prerequisite for the validity of export spillovers. Global and local export experience and product proximity are the main contents of export spillovers. This study used China Customs Trade Data from 2002 to 2011 to analyze the impact of export spillovers on the entry of new firms into the export market. The results show that export spillovers can significantly increase the probability of new exporters entering the export market. Private firms are more likely to enter markets with stronger spillovers. Besides, export spillovers have a stronger role in promoting the entry of follower firms, especially domestic firms. State-owned collective enterprises emphasize the overflow of overall export experience, and private companies place more emphasis on product knowledge spillovers. Local spillovers are beneficial for the expansion of new exporting firms to new destination countries, while global spillovers are useful for new exporters expanding into new product areas. This study improved the research on the spatial dynamics of export firms, expanded the spatial dimension in which export spillovers affect export decisions, and helped deepen the understanding of China's trade market.