城市旅游综合体土地利用空间格局演变及驱动机制——以西安曲江为例

判识城市旅游综合体用地格局的演变规律及驱动机制,对于优化城市功能结构和构建城市现代服务体系具有重要意义。本文以西安曲江城市旅游综合体为例,采用土地利用变化指数模型和GIS分析技术,探究其用地分异过程及机制。结果显示,曲江由农业生产和村居功能为主导的乡镇聚落,转变为以旅游功能为核心、多元用地形态圈层布局的城市旅游综合体过程中,其用地形态共经历了均质无序、极化–扩散和均衡集约三个阶段。而这一演化过程,实则是在土地差异化增值形成级差地租的条件下,多元用地主体理性选择的结果。文章认为,保证城市旅游综合体合理的发展用地、有序实现土地增值及发挥地价杠杆的调节作用,是实现城市旅游综合体土地集约利用和功能协同发展的根本前提。

Mechanisms and spatial pattern of land use changes of the urban tourism complex: A case study of Qujiang,Xi’an

Identifying the evolution mechanisms and law of the urban tourism complex’s land use pattern plays an important role in optimizing urban spatial structure, improving the comprehensive service functions of urban tourism and constructing modern urban service system. Taking a case study of Qujiang urban tourism complex in Northwest China's Xi’an, and based on the land-use change index model and the GIS spatial analysis technology, this paper explores the spatial differentiation process of urban tourism complex’s land use pattern by obtaining and analyzing the basic data about the land use change intensity, speed, benefit and function transformation of Qujiang urban tourism complex. The results show that, firstly, Qujiang urban tourism complex evolves from a township settlement to a modern and integrated tourism development area. Secondly, the dominant land use functions of Qujiang have changed significantly. Specifically, the core land use functions have transformed from agricultural production and village residence to tourism leisure and high-end residence. Thirdly, Qujiang urban tourism complex’s land use pattern is a layout like circles, whose core layer is tourism integrated land, and the outer layers are landscape residential land, commercial land, public management and public service land, common community residential land and industrial land in turn. Fourthly, the evolution of urban tourism complex’s land use pattern has experienced three stages including homogeneous and disordered stage, convergence–diffusion stage and balanced intensive stage. In essence, the evolution process of urban tourism complex’s land use pattern is just the spatial structure development process of its own, namely its spatial structure has gone through the homogeneous disorder phase in the beginning to the polarization stage and then to the equilibrium stage. And this evolution process is actually the results of rational participation and collective choice of multiple stakeholders who make decisions under the action of differential land rent caused by land conversion increment and land capitalization increment. Therefore, the article points out that more attention should be attached to ensuring the rational development land of UTC, increasing the land revenue value in an orderly way and giving full play to the dynamic regulation of land price leverage, which would be effective in achieving intensive land use and functional synergy of the urban tourism complex.