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Calibration of particle detectors for secondary cosmic rays using gamma-ray beams from thunderclouds

Institution:	1. Institute for Nuclear Research, 60th October Anniversary pr. 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia;2. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia;3. Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk 664003, Russia;4. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics MSU, Moscow 119991, Russia;5. Nizhni Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhni Novgorod 603950, Russia;6. St. Petersburg State Marine University, St. Petersburg 190008, Russia;7. EvoLogics GmbH, Berlin, Germany;1. Skobeltsyn Institute for Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;2. Physics Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;1. Gran Sasso Science Institute, viale Francesco Crispi, 7 L’Aquila 67100 (AQ), Italy;2. Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona E-08193, Spain;3. Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, 10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland;4. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany

Abstract:	After observation of hundreds of Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs) we measure energy spectra of particles originated in clouds and directed towards Earth. We use these “beams” for calibration of cosmic ray detectors located beneath the clouds at an altitude of 3200 m at Mount Aragats in Armenia. The calibrations of particle detectors with fluxes of TGE gamma rays are in good agreement with simulation results and allow estimation of the energy thresholds and efficiencies of numerous particle detectors used for studying galactic and solar cosmic rays.

Keywords:	Particle detectors Atmospheric electricity Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements
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