工程地质区及其在地球各大陆的分布

在地球各大陆上工程地质条件水平和垂直上的变化反映出它们的区域性,它受控于该地区的热量、湿度及其比率。这就是在类似地质结构的地区中,不同的纬度和海拔高度形成了不同的工程地质条件的原因。引入工程地质区这个概念的目的在于说明工程地质条件的区域性。工程地质区一词的意义是指一个大的工程地质地区或省,在其中主要由水的形态决定的岩土状态是均一的并从工程地质观点来看具有区域稳定性。已经确定了以下工程地质区类型:永久性的多年冻土区域、多年冻土和融化沉积共存区域,以及融化和不冻岩石区域,它们再细分为亚区。工程地质条件区域性概念要考虑的主要问题有:分区原则、工程地质区域的类型和种类、地球各大陆上工程地质区域的空间分布规律性、“理想”大陆上的分布模型。

Engineering geological zones and their distribution on the continents of the Earth

The zonality of engineering geological conditions of the Earths continents is reflected in their horizontal and vertical transformation on the Earths continents and is controlled by present heat and moisture supply of the territories and their ratio. It influences the formation of diverse engineering geological conditions at different latitudes and altitudes within the regions similar in their geological structure.The notion of engineering geological zone was introduced with the purpose to demonstrate the zonality of engineering geological conditions. The term of engineering geological zone means a large part of engineering geological region or province,where the present state of rocks of soil layer determined mainly by phase state of water is uniform and regionally stable from the engineering geological point of view.The following types of engineering geological zones are determined: a zone of practically continuous permafrost, a zone in which permafrost and meltwater deposits coexist, and a zone of thawed and unfrozen rocks. All of them are subdivided into subzones.The fundamentals of the concept of the engineering geological conditions zonality are: law of zonality, types and kinds of engineering geological zones, regularities of spatial distribution of engineering geological zones on the continents of the Earth, and model of their distribution on an "ideal" continent.