不同环境背景下的艾比湖区域土壤水盐差异性特征研究

由于不同的环境背景下环境机制不同，所以导致了水盐（主要指水分、盐分）空间变异存在很大差异，在此背景下分析艾比湖地区含水量与含盐量空间变异，有助于更加合理的了解土壤含水量与含盐量一体化规律。以艾比湖为中心把艾比湖区域分为三个靶区：绿洲、荒漠、湖区，运用统计学方法，分析三个区域的土壤水分、盐分差异性特征。结果表明：绿洲、荒漠、湖区这三个区域表层土壤盐分积聚严重，其含盐量大小依次为：荒漠→绿洲→湖区，而含水量却相反；绿洲、荒漠和湖区土壤含盐量的变异系数均在85%～150%之间，属高强度变异，含水量变异系数均介于55%～75%之间，属中强度变异。说明荒漠区域盐分含量的水平分布不均匀，空间异质性较强；而水分含量的水平相对较为均匀，空间异质性较弱。绿洲、荒漠、湖区土壤层10～20 cm与20～40 cm土壤层含盐量的存在显著性相关性（p<0.01），即绿洲的相关系数0.913，荒漠的相关系数0.966，湖区的相关系数0.941，绿洲与湖区土壤表层与亚层含水量存在显著性相关性（p<0.01）相关系数分别为0.851 和0.908。说明绿洲与湖区土壤层0～10 cm与10～20 cm土壤含水量存在水分转移现象，荒漠区域这种现象不明显，可能与沙漠炎热地表环境和土壤性质等因素有关。研究结果揭示了艾比湖地区不同环境背景下秋季的土壤含水量与含盐量分布特征，为艾比湖地区农作物灌溉管理及土壤盐渍化治理提供了科学依据。

Differentiation of soil water and salt characteristics under background of different environmental variation in Ebinur Lake Region

Soil water and salt is one of the most important factors in Salinization. There is a direct relationship between salt accumulation of saline soil and soil water content. An adequate knowledge of Soil water and salt spatio- temporal variability is critical for many scientific and practical applications. Taking Ebinur Lake area as the research unit,this paper analyzed the spatial variability of soil water salt in the three target areas of Ebinur Lake area, Oasis,Desert and Lake,by using statistics method. Results show that the salt gathered seriously on the surface soil of the oasis,desert and Lake region;from high to low,the contents of salt in the three target areas ranked as: Desert,Oasis and Lake area,while for water content,it is on the contrary. The coefficients of soil salinity variations ranged between 85%-150% in Oasis,Desert and Lake area,belonging to a high intensive variation;while the coefficients of water content variations were 55%-75%,belonging to a medium intensive variation. This indicates that the horizontal distribution of salinity in desert area is quite not uniform and the spatial heterogeneity was strong;while the soil water content is relatively uniform,and the spatial heterogeneity is weak. Soil salinity of 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers showed significant correlation(p<0.01)in Oasis,Desert and Lake area, with the correlation coefficients in oasis,desert and lake area of 0.913,0.966 and 0.941,respectively. The water contents of surface soil and sub layer had significant correlations in Lake and Oasis(p<0.01),with the correlation coefficients of 0.851 and 0.908,respectively. This indicates that there is water transfer between the soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm in Oasis and Lake area,while this phenomenon is not obvious in the desert area. This may be related with the desert hot surface environment and soil properties. Ebinur Lake region is the center of the Eurasian continent and the core area of the Silk Road Economic Zone,soil salinization has seriously affected the development of the local economy. This study made a preliminary understanding of the autumn soil water salt distribution characteristics in Ebinur Lake region under different environment backgrounds,which can provide a scientific basis for the crop irrigation management and soil salinization control in this area.