流域尺度景观生态耗水研究

笔者将景观生态学、遥感蒸散计算技术等应用于流域生态耗水研究,先利用1980年、1990年、2000年、2005年的4期遥感数据,研究流域土地利用演变特征,并对流域景观生态进行分区。然后利用MOD IS数据和平流干旱模型,计算2005年生长期蒸散分布;再结合流域水资源评价成果,计算景观生态消耗的水资源、不可控水资源和可控水资源;最后又结合规划目标,对白杨河流域生态保护系统2020年与2030年生态需水进行了预测。通过研究,弄清了流域景观生态对象、功能、格局和过程、弄清了其消耗的水资源类型、数量和时空分布,为优化配置水资源、实现流域可持续发展开辟了新途径。

The Study on Ecological Evapotranspiration of Landscape Ecosystem at River Basin Level

The authors studied ecological evapotranspiration in the basin by the landscape ecology,the remote sensing evapotranspiration computation technology and so on.First studied the features and the evolution trend of land use change of the river basin by remote sensing data of 1980,1990,2000,2005,and then the landscape ecosystem division was carried.Second calculated evapotranspiration distribution of plant growing period in 2005 by the MODIS data and the Advection-Aridity Model.Third,recombinating the water resources assessment of the river basin,calculated water resources,uncontrolled water resources and controllable water resources of landscape ecosystem.Finally,recombinating the plan goal of the basin forecasted ecological water demand of ecological protection system of Xinjiang Baiyanghe river basin in 2020 and 2030.Through the research,it has clarified the basin landscape ecological object,the function,the pattern and the process,has clarified the type,quantity,the position and time distribution of the water resources of ecological evapotranspiration.The research opened the new road of optimizing the disposition water resources and sustainable development of the river basin.