俄罗斯西伯利亚和远东联邦区首府的空间经济联系与格局特征研究

利用经济等级指数、经济联系强度研究2010—2018年俄罗斯西伯利亚和远东联邦区首府的空间经济联系与格局特征,在此基础上,分析西伯利亚和远东区各联邦主体、及与毗邻中国东北省域的经济联系,结果表明：① 西伯利亚和远东区首府的经济等级2010—2015年上升显著,2015—2018年上升缓慢,等级序列存在“断裂”现象,繁荣的发达首府与停滞的偏远首府两极分化现象突出。② 西伯利亚和远东区首府经济联系量不断增强,以乌兰乌德市为分界的西伯利亚区首府经济联系强于远东区首府,呈“西高东低”的格局特征。西伯利亚区形成以新西伯利亚市为极核,辐射克拉斯诺亚尔斯克市、鄂木斯克市、托木斯克市等的“一极、多心组团”格局,首位经济联系为新西伯利亚市;远东区呈现以哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）市、符拉迪沃斯托克（海参崴）市为中心的“双核”格局,首位经济联系为哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）市。③ 西伯利亚和远东区联邦主体间经济联系不断提升,同中国东北省域的经济联系也不断增强,其中滨海边疆区、哈巴罗夫斯克（伯力）边疆区、阿穆尔州同中国东北省域的经济联系最强,与黑龙江省的经济联系量高于吉林省和辽宁省。

Study on the spatial economic linkage and pattern characteristics of the capitals in Siberian and Far East Federal Districts in Russia

This paper studied the spatial economic linkage and its pattern characteristics of the Russian Siberian and Far East Federal Districts during 2010-2018. Firstly, the urban economic grade of capitals was evaluated by the economic grade index. Then based on the economic linkage intensity and the economic membership degree, this paper analyzed the economic interaction between any given Russian capitals, any given Russian federal subjects, Siberian-Far East Federal subjects of Russia and provinces of Northeast China. Finally, the spatial patterns of economic grade and economic linkage intensity were performed by using ArcGIS. The results are as follows. First, the growth speed of the capitals′ economic grade from 2010 to 2015 is higher than that from 2015 to 2018. There has been a "fracture" phenomenon in the economic hierarchy of the capitals in Siberian and Far East Federal Districts. Different development levels of the capitals lead to the polarization. Second, the external economic linkage intensity of the capitals had been increasing from 2010 to 2018. The economic linkage intensity of the capitals in Siberian Federal District is stronger than that of Far East Federal District. Spatially, the urban economic grade and urban external linkage intensity show the "High West, but Low East" spatial patterns. The capitals with high economic grade and economic linkage intensity are concentrated in Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk and Tomsk in the Siberian Federal District. The capitals with high economic grade and economic linkage intensity are concentrated in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok in the Far East Federal District. Third, as the main economic linkage capitals in Siberian and Far East Federal Districts, Novosibirsk's important economic linkage capitals are Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk, and Khabarovsk's important economic linkage capitals are Vladivostok and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. According to the economic linkage intensity, economic subordination degree, highway traffic distance, and the shortest time distance, this paper respectively proposes the close capitals, sub-close capitals, competitive capitals, and marginal capitals of Novosibirsk and Khabarovsk. Finally, the economic linkage between Russian Siberian-Far East Federal subjects and Chinese northeastern provinces had been increasing from 2010 to 2018. Among them, Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory and Amur Region had the strongest economic linkage with Chinese provinces. And their economic linkage with Heilongjiang Province is higher than that with Jilin and Liaoning provinces.