邻里环境感知与个体健康对通勤模式选择的影响研究——以南京市为例

通勤是大部分城市就业者日常工作所必须面对的问题。相比宏观层面的城市建成环境,微观层面的邻里环境感知及个体健康与通勤模式选择的联系更为密切。以南京市主城区8个社区为案例地,利用结构方程模型探究邻里环境感知与个体健康对城市就业者通勤模式选择的影响。首先借助问卷调查数据,将通勤模式分为积极通勤、公共交通通勤、电动车/摩托车通勤以及小汽车通勤四类;其次使用因子分析法确定邻里环境感知的潜变量,并将个体健康分为身体健康、心理健康与健康行为3个潜变量;最后构建结构方程模型的理论框架并进行实证分析。研究发现：① 邻里环境感知变量中服务设施感知、环境品质感知对通勤模式选择存在显著的直接效应,交通安全感知对通勤模式选择存在显著的间接效应。② 个体健康变量中,心理健康与健康行为对通勤模式选择存在显著的直接效应。③ 通勤距离与社会经济属性对通勤模式选择存在显著的直接效应,同时社会经济属性对通勤模式选择亦存在显著的间接效应。基于研究结果,提出有效提升就业者对于社区环境的主观感受,进而提高就业者参与健康行为的意愿与就业者的健康水平,从而引导其选择更加健康和绿色的通勤模式。

The influence of neighborhood environmental perception and individual health on commuting mode choice:A case study of Nanjing city,China

Commuting is an issue facing urban employees in their daily work. Compared to the macro-level urban built environment, the macro-level neighborhood environmental perception and individual health are more closely related to commuting mode choice. This paper takes eight typical communities with different traffic environments, leisure environments and socioeconomic statuses in the main urban area of Nanjing city as the research area, and uses the structural equation model to investigate the influence of neighborhood environmental perception and individual health on urban employees' commuting mode choice. Firstly, based on questionnaire survey data, according to the amount of physical activity consumed by the employees when they choose commuting modes during the commuting process, the commuting modes are divided into four categories: active commuting, public transportation commuting, electric vehicle/motorcycle commuting and car commuting. Secondly, the latent variables of neighborhood environmental perception are identified using factor analysis, and individual health is divided into three latent variables: physical health, mental health and health behavior. Finally, the theoretical framework of the structural equation model is constructed and an empirical analysis is conducted using the structural equation model. The results show that: (1) The perception of service facilities and environmental quality have significant direct effects on commuting mode choice, while traffic safety perception has significant indirect effect. (2) Mental health and health behavior in the individual health variables have significant direct effects on commuting mode choice. (3) Commuting distance and socioeconomic attributes have significant direct effects on commuting mode choice, while socioeconomic attributes have significant indirect effects, which come from the impact of socioeconomic attributes on commuting distance, neighborhood environmental perception and individual health. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to effectively enhance the subjective perception of the neighborhood environment, and increase the willingness to participate in healthy behaviors and health awareness of the urban employees so as to choose a more healthy and environmentally friendly commuting mode.