SARS与COVID-19时空传播差异性及影响因素分析

SARS和COVID-19的暴发对我国公众健康、社会经济等造成了严重影响,为揭示呼吸道烈性传染病的时空传播的共性规律和差异特征及背后原因,运用时空统计方法,系统分析并对比了SARS与COVID-19的时空传播差异性特征,并结合病毒本身传播特性及交通、温度等因子进行原因分析。研究表明：① 时间序列上,SARS从发病初始到结束经历了2个阶段,即上升期-平缓期,COVID-19经历了3个阶段,即上升期-急剧上升期-缓升期。② 空间传播模式上,COVID-19传播强度及传播范围大于SARS,且COVID-19的整体连通性较大,各省份与病毒暴发地的联系更为紧密;SARS和COVID-19的传播都存在明显的空间聚集性特征;二者均以邻近传播、远距离飞跃式为主,且SARS存在中次级传播中心,COVID-19扩散中心未发生转移。③ 空间传播方向上,SARS以北京市、香港特别行政区、广东省为中心,空间传播方向性更强,COVID-19仅以湖北省为中心向外扩散。④ 空间传播速度上,SARS各省份首例病例传播时间跨度较大,COVID-19各个省份首例病例传播时间大致以胡焕庸线为分界线,呈现出“东快西慢”的现象,传播时间跨度较短。⑤ R0是造成SARS和COVID-19空间传播范围与空间传播速度差异的主要原因;SARS和COVID-19病毒温度适宜性有所差异,但在温度接近的区域均发生了空间聚集性传播和邻近区域传播;除病毒本身传播能力、温度影响外,交通是影响SARS和COVID-19空间远距离飞跃式传播的主要原因,二者空间传播速度均与路网密度呈负相关关系。

Spatial and Temporal Transmission Differences between SARS and COVID-19 and Analysis of Influence Factors

The outbreaks of SARS and COVID-19 have had a serious impact on public health, social economy and so on in China, in order to reveal the common law and difference characteristics of space-time transmission of respiratory infectious diseases and the reasons behind them, using space-time statistical methods, systematically analyzed and compared the difference characteristics of space-time transmission between SARS and COVID-19, and combined with the transmission characteristics of the virus itself and temperature, traffic and other factors to analyze the causes. The study shows that, ① SARS experiences two stages, the rising period-flat phase, and the COVID-19 experiences three stages, the rising period-sharp rise-slow up period. ② In the mode of spatial transmission, the transmission intensity and range of COVID-19 is greater than that of SARS, and the overall connectivity of COVID-19 is greater and the provinces are more closely related to the outbreak of the virus. Both SARS and COVID-19 transmission have obvious spatial aggregation characteristics. They are based on proximity propagation and long-range leaps, and SARS has a secondary communication center, and COVID-19 diffusion center has not been relocated. ③ In the direction of space communication, SARS is centered in Beijing, Hong Kong and Guangdong, the direction of spatial communication is stronger, and COVID-19 is only spread outwards with Hubei as the center. ④ In terms of spatial transmission speed, the spread time of the first case in each province of SARS is relatively large, and the spread time of the first case in each province of COVID-19 is roughly divided by Hu Huanyong Line, showing a phenomenon of "fast in the east and slow in the west", and the spread time span is relatively short. ⑤ R0 is the main reason for the difference between the spatial transmission range of SARS and COVID-19 and the speed of spatial transmission. The temperature suitability of SARS and COVID-19 viruses is different, but spatial aggregation transmission and adjacent area transmission are occurring in areas with similar temperatures. Besides the virus transmission capacity and temperature impact, traffic is the main reason affecting SARS and COVID-19 space long-range leap transmission, and the spatial transmission speed of both is negatively related to the density of the road network.