Diel variations of the bathymetric distribution of zooplankton groups and biomass in Cap-Ferret Canyon,France |
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| Institution: | 1. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;3. Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 Munich, Germany;4. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark;5. University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany;1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, NY 14013, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126, United States;3. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, 541 Broadway St., Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;4. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, Ontario, Canada;5. Cornell University, Cornell Biological Field Station at Shackleton Point, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030, United States;1. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;2. Key Laboratory of Open–Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China;3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China;4. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;5. Ocean Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;1. Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Paraíba State University, 58429-500 Campina Grande, Brazil;2. Department of Biology, Paraíba State University, 58429-500 Campina Grande, Brazil;3. MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal;4. Postgraduate Program in Ecology of Aquatic Environments (PEA), Nucleus of Limnology Research, Ichthyology and Aquiculture (Nupélia), Maringa State University, 87020-4040 Paraná, Brazil;5. Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;1. College of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Beijing, 102249, China;3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing, 100083, China;4. Chevron Center of Research Excellence, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA |
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| Abstract: | The bathymetric distribution, abundance and diel vertical migrations (DVM) of zooplankton were investigated along the axis of the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay, French Atlantic coast) by a consecutive series of synchronous net hauls that sampled the whole water column (0–2000 m in depth) during a diel cycle. The distribution of appendicularians (maximum 189 individuals m?3), cladocerans (maximum 287 individuals m?3), copepods (copepods<4 mm, maximum 773 individuals m?3, copepods>4 mm, maximum 13 individuals m?3), ostracods (maximum 8 individuals m?3), siphonophores (maximum >2 individuals m?3) and peracarids (maximum >600 individuals 1000 m?3) were analysed and represented by isoline diagrams. The biomass of total zooplankton (maximum 18419 μg C m?3, 3780 μg N m?3) and large copepods (>4 mm maximum 2256 μg C m?3, 425 μg N m?3) also were determined. Vertical migration was absent or affected only the epipelagic zone for appendicularians, cladocerans, small copepods and siphonophores. Average amplitude of vertical migration was about 400–500 m for ostracods, some hyperiids and mysids, and large copepods, which were often present in the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic zones. Large copepods can constitute more than 80% of the biomass corresponding to total zooplankton. They may play an important role in the active vertical transfer of carbon and nitrogen. |
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