北京市地震应急避难场所减灾能力评价体系的研究

北京市地震应急避难场所是我国建设最早、数量最多的,根据国家和地方的建设标准和规范,现有地震应急避难场所部分建设项目与权威的国家建设标准要求相比较而言,还存在超标与不足,因此定量和综合的能力评价势在必行.本文采用层次分析法,针对应急避难场所各种能力,梳理出3个层次、18个因素,并通过专家调查方式得到各因素的权重,形成减灾能力评价体系.文中以北京市朝阳区的应急避难场所为例进行了评价,并给出了其完善的建议.初步可认为,本文提出的地震应急避难场所减灾能力评价体系具有较好的可操作性,对避难场所的建设和完善具有一定的指导意义.

Mitigation Capabilities Evaluation System of Beijing Earthquake Emergency Shelters

Beijing is the earliest city of China to build earthquake emergency shelters,and also holds the largest number of shelters.However,According to the excessive and insufficient of these earthquakes emergency shelters can not meet the state and local construction standards or norms,and quantitative and comprehensive capacity evaluation is imperative.In this paper,to evaluate all abilities of the emergency shelters,we use Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） to tease out three levels and 18 factors.Then we get the weight of each factor through experts＇ investigation to form the mitigation capabilities evaluation system.We also take the emergency shelters which are in Chaoyang District of Beijing as an example to conduct evaluation,and propose suggestions for improvement.Our preliminary results indicate that this evaluation system has good operability,and has guiding significance for construction and improvement of the emergency shelters in future.