电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术在元素形态分析中的应用进展

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)作为一种高灵敏度的分析技术在痕量超痕量无机元素分析方面已被广泛应用,其与色谱分离技术相结合为元素形态分析提供了强有力的检测工具。本文阐述了近年来利用不同ICP-MS联用技术进行元素形态分析的研究进展,主要包括:(1)气相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(GC-ICP-MS);(2)毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(CE-ICP-MS);(3)离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(IC-ICP-MS);(4)高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)。在此基础上归纳总结了中国元素形态分析领域的主要研究情况,对元素形态分析发展前景作了展望。这些联用技术中,GC-ICP-MS的灵敏度高,样品传输率接近100%,但其适用于易挥发或中等挥发性样品的分离,应用范围相对较窄;CE-ICP-MS的分离效率高,样品和试剂消耗量少,但受到其进样量限制使得最低检出浓度较大;IC-ICP-MS主要分析阴离子和阳离子及小分子极性化合物,是液相色谱的有益补充,具有分离效果好和快速方便等优点,但离子色谱流动相中的盐类会造成ICP-MS进样管和采样锥的堵塞,使得基体效应严重;HPLC-ICP-MS以其广泛的应用范围、简单的接口技术,成为元素形态分析研究中应用最广泛的联用技术。本文认为,元素形态分析研究中开展复杂基体样品前处理方法研究,研制系列元素形态分析标准物质,建立多元素形态同时分析方法是元素形态分析领域的发展方向。

Research Progress on Elemental Speciation Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated Techniques

BACKGROUND: As a highly sensitive analytical technique, ICP-MS has been widely used in the analysis of trace inorganic elements. Combined with chromatographic separation technology, it provides a powerful detection tool for elemental speciation analysis.OBJECTIVES: To summarize the research progress of elemental speciation analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry hyphenated techniques.METHODS: The main methods of elemental speciation analysis by ICP-MS hyphenated techniques were summarized and compared. The methods included:(1) Gas chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (GC-ICP-MS). (2) Capillary electrophoresis coupled with ICP-MS (CE-ICP-MS). (3) Ion chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (IC-ICP-MS). (4) High performance liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS). The main application fields of elemental speciation analysis in China were biomedical field, food and drug safety monitoring and ecoenvironmental geochemistry.RESULTS: GC-ICP-MS has high sensitivity and is suitable for volatile samples, its application is thus limited. CE-ICP-MS has fast analysis and high separation efficiency, but the limitation of sample injection volume makes the method detection limitation high. IC-ICP-MS mainly analyzes anions, cations and small molecular polar compounds. It is a useful complement to HPLC, but the mobile phase containing inorganic salts may block the sampling cone. HPLC-ICP-MS has been the most widely used technology in speciation analysis because of its wide application fields and simple technology.CONCLUSIONS: Sample preparation research for complex matrices, preparing standard materials, and developing simultaneous multi-element speciation analysis methods are the research direction of elemental speciation analysis.