1961—2017年云南季节变化特征分析

参照《中华人民共和国气象行业标准-气候季节划分》（QX/T 152-2012）中关于气候季节的定义标准，利用1961-2017年云南122个气象站的气温资料，分析了云南的气候季节区域的空间分布和季节开始日期及长度的变化趋势。云南共有4种气候季节区域，分别是四季分明区、无夏区、无冬区和常春区。无夏区范围最广，无冬区其次。不同年代四种季节气候区域空间分布范围不尽相同，无夏区和无冬区空间范围变化最显著。2011年以后云南出现四季分明区范围明显增大的现象，这与近年来气候变暖背景下云南气温年较差增大的观测事实相一致。云南四季分明区春季和秋季较长，夏季和冬季较短。无夏区秋季最长、春季次之、冬季最短。无冬区夏季最长、春季和秋季长度接近。不同气候季节区域间春季和夏季开始日期的变化均呈提早趋势，秋季和冬季开始日期有推迟的趋势；在季节长度变化上，夏季增长，冬季变短，但春秋季长度的变化不尽相同。

Studies on the characteristics of seasonal variation of Yunnan Province during 1961-2017

Based on Meteorological industry standard of People''s Republic of China-Division of climate season (QX/T 152-2012), using the temperature data of 122 stations of Yunnan from 1961 to 2017, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of climate season regions and the trend of beginning dates and seasonal length. There are four climate season regions in Yunnan, namely regions with four seasons, non-summer region, non-winter region and perennial spring region. The area of non-summer region is the most extensive, non-winter region in the next place. The spatial distribution varies for four climate season regions in different decades. The spatial change is the most significant for non-summer and non-winter regions. After 2011, the area of region of four seasons in Yunnan has increased remarkably, which is consistent with the observation fact that the annual difference of temperature in Yunnan has increased under the background of climate warming in recent years. The length of spring and autumn is longer but summer and winter is shorter of region with four seasons in Yunnan. The length of autumn of non-summer region is the longest, followed by spring and winter. The length of summer of non-winter region is the longest while spring and autumn are close. The beginning dates of spring and summer show an early trend in different climatic season regions, and the autumn and winter show a delayed trend. To the change of seasonal length, summer increases and winter became shorter, but the length of spring and autumn varies in different climate season region.