人参醇提物及沉淀对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的：探讨人参醇提物及其沉淀对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法：利用环磷酰胺制备免疫低下小鼠模型,以人参水提物为对照,观察人参醇提物及其沉淀对小鼠肠道菌群的影响;肠道菌群数据采用Flash 1.2.11、Qiime 1.9.1、Mothur 1.30.2及PICRUSt 1.1.0等软件分析。结果：通过样本多样性指数分析,发现小鼠十二指肠、结肠、直肠所在部位肠道菌群结构差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。群落组成分析得知,小鼠肠道菌群差异较大的是Firmicutes(厚壁菌门),Bacteroides(拟杆菌门),Proteobacteria (变形菌门)与 Epsilonbacteraeota,Actinobacteria(放线菌门),Tenericutes(柔壁菌门)等。物种差异分析显示,免疫低下模型小鼠直肠部位的Epsilonbacteraeota数量显著增多(P=0.02),表明菌群失调;人参能调节肠道菌Epsilonbacteraeota失衡,其功效由大到小依次为人参水提物、醇提物及其沉淀。功能预测显示,肠道菌群结构改变,其对应的基因功能信息也改变,免疫低下模型小鼠直肠菌群结构与数量改变,引起RNA processing and modification, Chromatin structure and dynamics, Energy production and conversion 等方面基因改变。结论：免疫低下小鼠肠道菌群结构与功能改变,人参的不同提取物及其沉淀对小鼠肠道菌群有一定的影响。

Effect of alcohol extracts of Panax ginseng and precipitates on gut microbiota of mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of alcohol extracts of Panax ginseng and precipitates on gut microbiota of mice. Methods: Cyclophosphamide was used to establish a model of immunocompromised mice, the water extract of Panax ginseng as control, and the effect of alcohol extracts of Panax ginseng and their precipitates on gut microbiota was observed. Flash 1.2.11,Qiime 1.9.1,Mothur 1.30.2, and PICRUSt 1.1.0 were used to analyze the data of gut microbiota. Results: The diversity index analysis of samples showed that there were significant differences in the structure of gut microbiota in the duodenum, colon, and rectum of mice (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The analysis of community composition showed great differences in Firmcutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes. The species difference analysis showed that there was a significant increase in Epsilonbacteraeota in the rectum of immunocompromised mice (P=0.02),indicating maladjustment of flora. Panax ginseng can adjust the imbalance of Epsilonbacteraeota, and from large to small, its effects are water extract, alcohol extract and its precipitate. Function prediction showed that the change in the structure of gut microbiota caused the change in corresponding gene functional information, and the change in the rectal microbiota of immunocompromised mice led to the change in the genes involved in RNA processing and modification, chromatin structure and dynamics, and energy production and conversion. Conclusion: There are changes in the structure and function of gut microbiota in immunocompromised mice, and different Panax ginseng extracts and precipitates have a certain effect on gut microbiota of mice.